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Order Tymovirales
Published in Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier, Virus-Like Particles, 2022
Paul Pumpens, Peter Pushko, Philippe Le Mercier
Röder et al. (2017b) applied the SpyTag/SpyCatcher methodology, introduced by Zakeri et al. (2012) and described in detail in Chapter 25. Thus, the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase Cel12A was covalently attached to the PVX nanoparticles. The PVX coat was modified to display the short SpyTag sequence of 14 aa residues, whereas the Cel12A enzyme of 220 aa residues was provided C-terminally with the SpyCatcher sequence of 129 aa over 10 aa of doubled G4S linker. This allowed the rapid and specific irreversible attachment of the SpyCatcher fusion protein with, in this case, a ~70% coupling efficiency. The SpyTag-PVX construct therefore provided a universally applicable platform with great promise for future practice by overcoming problems of size constraints and inappropriate aa compositions that may influence the genetic engineering methods, as well as the chemical coupling methods described later.
Recombinant Antibodies
Published in Siegfried Matzku, Rolf A. Stahel, Antibodies in Diagnosis and Therapy, 2019
Melvyn Little, Sergey M. Kipriyanov
Another eukaryotic microorganism, the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei, was also able to produce and secrete genetically engineered forms of antibodies (Nyyssönen et al., 1993). The genes coding for the light chain of the murine anti-2-phenyloxazolone IgGl, its Fab fragment and T. reesei cellulase (CBHI) fused to the Fab were introduced into a vector containing a cbhl expression cassette consisting of the cbhl promoter, the 17 amino acid cbhl signal sequence and the transcription terminator. T. reesei transformants selected for resistance to phleomycin were shown to produce the antibody light chain, Fab and the CBHI-Fab fusion protein with yields of 0.2 mg/1, 1 mg/1 and 40 mg/1, respectively. When the Fab and CBHI-Fab producers were cultivated in cellulase inducing medium in a 15 1 fermentor, the amount of immunoreactive antibodies was 1 mg/1 and 150 mg/1, respectively. Functional fragments were separated from CBHI by fungal protease in vivo or by α-chymotrypsin in vitro (Nyyssönen et al., 1993).
Antifungal Activity of Seaweeds and their Extracts
Published in Leonel Pereira, Therapeutic and Nutritional Uses of Algae, 2018
In a study of Chaetomorpha linum harvested in the Gulf of Mannar (India) by Devi et al. (2014), the methanolic extract was tested for its antifungal activity. All the extracts exhibited different degrees of antifungal activity against Fusarium dimerum and Trichoderma reesei. The growth of T. reesei was highly inhibited by all the tested concentrations (5-20%) of methanol extracts compared with control, the corresponding inhibition ranging from 72-81%. The extract showed comparatively very low activity against F. dimerum, ranging from 76-86%.
Natural polyketide 6-pentyl-2H-pyrone-2-one and its synthetic analogues efficiently prevent marine biofouling
Published in Biofouling, 2021
Mo Aqib Raza Khan, Bo-Wei Wang, Yih-Yu Chen, Ting-Hsuan Lin, Hsiu-Chin Lin, Yu-Liang Yang, Ka-Lai Pang, Chih-Chuang Liaw
The present study screened the AF activities of a series of natural products generated from marine-derived fungi, namely Trichoderma reesei (TR–13–01) and T. atroviride (TA–13–01), which were isolated from a marine sponge, Niphates sp., collected from Wan-Li Tong, Pingtung, Taiwan, and identified through internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing analysis (GenBank Accession no. MT781338 for T. reesei and MT781339 for T. atroviride, respectively). Trichoderma species are well known for producing a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites. Herein, a pyrone-type compound from T. atroviride (TA–13–01) was reported to have a potential inhibitory effect against the settlement of barnacle cyprids. Furthermore, to develop potential AF agents, a series of pyrone analogues were synthesized. In addition to examining the anti-settlement activity of synthesized pyrones against barnacle cyprids, further bioactivities of these pyrones, such as antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against marine biofilm-forming bacterial strains, were assessed in order to evaluate them as potential AF candidates.
Fungal lysozyme leverages the gut microbiota to curb DSS-induced colitis
Published in Gut Microbes, 2021
Ida Søgaard Larsen, Benjamin A. H. Jensen, Erica Bonazzi, Béatrice S. Y. Choi, Nanna Ny Kristensen, Esben Gjerløff Wedebye Schmidt, Annika Süenderhauf, Laurence Morin, Peter Bjarke Olsen, Lea Benedicte Skov Hansen, Torsten Schröder, Christian Sina, Benoît Chassaing, André Marette
C57BL6/J mice were then switched to a compositional defined HFD (D12451, Research Diets) or kept on the matched LFD for the duration of 12 weeks while receiving daily oral gavage 4 h ± 30 min into the light cycle of 100 µL PBS (Gibco) with or without 0.5 mg lysozyme from A. alcalophilum grown in the production organism Trichoderma reesei, as previously described44 and further purified46 to a purity of >95%; endotoxins <0.004 EU/mL. Body weights were monitored weekly and feed intake measured and exchanged thrice a week during the study period, while body composition by magnetic resonance (MR) scans (Minispec LF90, Bruker) and fecal sampling was assessed every 4 weeks. After 12 weeks, the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane (Fresenius Kabi) after 6 h fasting from 1 h into the light cycle with their usual daily gavage 4 h into the light cycle and euthanized by cardiac puncture followed by cervical dislocation. See study outline Fig S1a. The study in C57BL6/J mice was conducted in accordance with the Canadian Council on Animal Care guidelines and regulations approved by Laval University, Canada (license 2017–086-1).
Trypsin Inhibitors from Cajanus cajan and Phaseolus limensis Possess Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antibacterial Activity
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2018
Tooba Naz Shamsi, Romana Parveen, Sumbul Afreen, Mudasser Azam, Priyankar Sen, Yamini Sharma, Qazi Mohd Rizwanul Haque, Tasneem Fatma, Nikhat Manzoor, Sadaf Fatima
The use of protease inhibitors as therapeutic agents, in particular, their use in inhibition of cellular transformation, blood clotting disorders, osteoporosis, retroviral disease, and cancer, is under thorough investigation. One of the diverse biochemical functions reported for PPIs is that they also act as anticancer agents; that is, they inhibit growth of transformed cells (Sever et al., 2002; Ogawa et al., 2003; Heidtmann et al., 1997; Clawson, 1996; Hocman, 1992). PPIs from plant sources have gained special attention as natural plant defense agents (Farmer and Ryan, 1990). PPIs, besides inhibiting growth of insects and pests, also exhibit inhibitory activity against pathogenic nematodes such as Globodera tabaccum and inhibit growth of many pathogenic fungi, including Alternaria alternata and Trichoderma reesei (Shade et al., 1994; Schroeder et al., 1995; Ishimoto et al., 1996).