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Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Correlations of Analgesics
Published in Hartmut Derendorf, Günther Hochhaus, Handbook of Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Correlation, 2019
These same workers have also demonstrated a concentration-effect relationship for another NSAID, namely, tenoxicam, which is not optically active and has a much longer plasma half-life than naproxen. Using multiple clinical effect measures they were able to find that, although total tenoxicam concentrations were related to clinical effect, a better relationship was found for unbound tenoxicam concentrations.149
Special Problems with Biological Fluids
Published in Joseph Chamberlain, The Analysis of Drugs in Biological Fluids, 2018
Milk is not a very usual fluid for the analysis of drugs, but it is occasionally of interest when trying to establish whether drugs may be transferred from mother to infant by this route. Most authors seem to be able to adapt existing methods for urine127 or serum128130 without much difficulty. The main problem would seem to be the presence of fats in milk (approximately 4.5% in mature human breast milk), and a method for phylloquinone uses lipase to hydrolyze fats in the sample prior to HPLC.131 Alternatively, the defatting step that is recommended above for processing plasma samples may be sufficient, as applied by Heintz et al.132 for the analysis of tenoxicam in human breast milk. In this procedure, fats were removed by washing 0.5 ml breast milk, buffered to pH 3 to 4, with 10 ml n-hexane.
Cyclodextrins and Skin Disorders: Therapeutic and Cosmetic Applications
Published in Andreia Ascenso, Sandra Simões, Helena Ribeiro, Carrier-Mediated Dermal Delivery, 2017
Oluwatomide Adeoye, Ana Figueiredo, Helena Cabral Marques
Furthermore, the incorporation of dermal drugs into topical formulation can be increased without compromising the physicochemical stability by utilizing inclusion complexes of drug with enhanced solubility properties. This increases the concentration of the drug delivered to the skin surface for aqueous solubilization and tissue uptake. Higher doses of tenoxicam gels have been formulated with Me-b-CyD as complexes. The increase in the concentration of the drug in vehicle and partitioning behaviour positively influenced the observed percutaneous penetration of tenoxicam [57].
Reduction of systemic exposure and side effects by intra-articular injection of anti-inflammatory agents for osteoarthritis: what is the safer strategy?
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2023
Zuoxu Xie, Lu Wang, Jie Chen, Zicong Zheng, Songpol Srinual, Annie Guo, Rongjin Sun, Ming Hu
One of the most studied NSAIDs is tenoxicam. An early study showed that better improvement in visual analog scale (VAS) was observed in the tenoxicam group over the control group [29]. Unlu et al. [30] and Erbas et al. [31] both reported that the efficacy of tenoxicam through IA injection showed no significant difference when compared to oral administration of tenoxicam. A recent clinical study combined tenoxicam with triamcinolone hexacetonide via IA. In this study, the efficacy of the combination appeared to be superior to the monotherapies with the individual drugs; the pronounced improvement in VAS and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) was observed in the combination group from the first month after injection and lasted for 6 months until the end of the study [32].
Management of recurrent aphthous ulcers exploiting polymer-based Muco-adhesive sponges: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2021
Muhammed Ossama, Caroline Lamie, Mohamed Tarek, Hebatallah A. Wagdy, Dalia A. Attia, Mohamed M. Elmazar
The drugs (miconazole nitrate and tenoxicam) were extracted as mentioned earlier in the experimental part. It is noteworthy that different solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, 10% acetic acid) were examined to extract both drugs from the prepared medicated sponges, however methanol was selected as it showed the highest % recovery, it could be contributed to the solubility of both drugs in it. As presented in Figure 1, the retention time (tR) of tenoxicam was 0.537 min and for miconazole nitrate was 6.313 min, under the optimum conditions. The % recovery was found to be 83% and 100.1% with % RSD 1.47 and 0.48 for tenoxicam and miconazole nitrate, respectively from mC2 while, the % recovery was 83.33% and 99.72% with % RSD 1.53 and 0.47 for tenoxicam and miconazole nitrate, respectively from mM1. The drug contents for tenoxicam in the medicated mC2 sponge and the mM1 sponge were found to be 49.8 µg/ml ± 1.26 and 50 µg/ml ± 0.96, respectively. On the other hand, the drug contents for miconazole nitrate were 100.1 µg/ml ± 2.06 and 99.7 µg/ml ± 1.77, respectively. The drug content was uniform between different sponges and did not deviate distinctly.
Capillary microsampling in mice: effective way to move from sparse sampling to serial sampling in pharmacokinetics profiling
Published in Xenobiotica, 2020
Amol A. Raje, Vallabh Mahajan, Vishal V. Pathade, Kaushal Joshi, Ashutosh Gavali, Ashwani Gaur, Vishwottam Kandikere
Whole blood/plasma concentration time profile of tenoxicam at 10 mg/kg dose in Swiss Albino mouse by oral administration is shown in Figure 3(C). Pharmacokinetic parameters of tenoxicam is shown in Table 3. Whole blood Cmax of tenoxicam was 67.1 and 58.9 µM (ranging from 49.1 to 68.8 µM) and whole blood AUClast values were 340 and 347 µM.h, respectively, with sparse and serial blood sampling methods indicating whole blood exposure was comparable with both the methods of blood collection. Cmax and AUClast values of tenoxicam in plasma by sparse sampling were 35.6 µM and 251 µM.h, respectively. Tmax of tenoxicam was observed at 0.5 h in sparse sampling group and at 1.0 h in serial sampling group and in plasma collected sparse sampling group. There was no significant difference in whole blood tenoxicam concentrations collected by two different sampling methods (p > .05).