China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Care of the Hospitalized Child
Published in Praveen S. Goday, Cassandra L. S. Walia, Pediatric Nutrition for Dietitians, 2022
Anushree Algotar, Anna Tuttle, Mark R. Corkins
A weight should be obtained at the time of admission and discharge. See Chapter 1 for measurement techniques. Bed scales can be used for patients who are unable to stand. The scale used should always be noted in the chart to achieve consistency with these important measurements. Signs of edema should also be noted as this affects the weight. Frequency of weight measurements is dependent on the patient’s age and nutrition status (Chapter 1). Patients with malnutrition or at risk of malnutrition will need more frequent weight measurements. If a patient is unable to gain weight after surgery or shows weight loss, further nutrition intervention is warranted as proper nutrition is vital for surgery recovery.
Candida and parasitic infection: Helminths, trichomoniasis, lice, scabies, and malaria
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Classic physical findings for Candida vulvovaginitis are bright erythema and skin erosions with satellite pustules. The pustules are non-follicular and are scattered around the eroded areas. The erosions are superficial with a narrow white border of scale. In advanced cases, the entire perineum may appear scalded and oozing, with excoriations and fissures. Edema may be a finding in both early and advanced disease. Inguinal lymphadenopathy may accompany perineal involvement. Speculum examination reveals inflamed, erythematous, edematous mucosa with white thrush patches and pooling of the thick, white, curd-like discharge in the posterior fornix. The cervix may become red, inflamed, and quite friable.
Management of Conditions and Symptoms
Published in Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson, Physical Activity and Rehabilitation in Life-threatening Illness, 2021
Amy J. Litterini, Christopher M. Wilson
The lymphatic system is responsible for (1) immune defense (e.g. removal of debris from the interstitium, production of lymphocytes, and protection from the spread of malignancy); (2) nutrition (e.g. intestinal lymph vessels absorb digested fats/lipoproteins); and (3) maintenance of fluid balance (i.e. filtration/reabsorption). An estimated 10% of the capillary ultrafiltrate is considered the lymph obligatory load which returns to the circulatory system via reabsorption by the lymphatic system.62Edema is the general term for swelling due to increased fluid collection in the interstitium; it is a visible and palpable sign of injury or a malfunctioning system, and is associated with different etiologies. In the body’s initial response to injury, acute edema results from a transfer of fluid (exudate) from the blood into tissue. Edema, which can be either generalized/diffuse or localized, can also result from immobilization, or it can be an initial symptom of an underlying disease such as CHF or other venous system disorders (see Chapter 8).62Lymphedema, considered a chronic condition, is the abnormal collection of protein-rich lymph fluid in the interstitium that, if left untreated, can cause chronic inflammation, fibrosis of the affected tissues, and/or wounds.
Severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia complicating hereditary spherocytosis treated successfully with glucocorticoids and cyclosporine: a case report
Published in Hematology, 2023
Na Wang, Hongkai Lu, Linzhang Li, Ming Gong, Yongtong Cao
In November 2021, a 25-year-old woman developed moderate to severe edema with no obvious cause, especially in both lower limbs, accompanied by abdominal distension, weakness, heart palpitations, dyspnea, inability to lie down at night, and splenomegaly. On January 29th 2022, she was admitted to the Emergency Department of China–Japan Friendship Hospital with a fever of up to 39°C. The results of laboratory tests conducted on admission are provided in Table 1. A peripheral blood smear showed mature erythrocytes of variable size, heterogeneous erythrocytes, and a count of 2 nucleated erythrocytes per 100 leukocytes. Based on the patient's decreased hemoglobin level; elevated reticulocytes, lactate dehydrogenase, bilirubin, and indirect bilirubin levels; and direct anti-human globulin test (DAT) positivity [anti-immunoglobulin (IgG) 2+ and anti-C3d 1+; Table 1], the diagnosis of AIHA was considered. Tests performed to exclude infectious causes of the fever detected IgM antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). It is worth noting that her platelet count decreased during the initial period of hospitalization (Table 1). This thrombocytopenia may have been mediated by immune-related factors and may have been due to the patient's hypersplenism.
Efficient bloodless mechanical thrombectomy for massive dural sinus thrombosis associated with COVID-19 using the 12-French Penumbra Lightning intelligent aspiration system
Published in Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings, 2023
Bradley Bernard, Taylor Maloney, Gregg Shalan, Mougnyan Cox, Ike Thacker
Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare cause of stroke, most commonly affecting young women.1 The advent of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in an increase in reported cases of dural sinus thrombosis, with worsened outcomes for patients with both diseases.2 Venous obstruction can cause edema, potentially progressing to venous infarction and hemorrhage. Standard treatment includes parenteral anticoagulation and supportive care. Endovascular therapies can be considered in patients with an incomplete response to anticoagulation or in patients with poor prognostic factors, including progressive neurologic decline or new/worsening intracranial hemorrhage. Current guideline recommendations on endovascular therapy are unsettled, as there is little class I evidence on the most effective endovascular treatment modality, which includes catheter-delivered thrombolysis and thrombectomy.
The Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Serum Anti-Inflammatory Factors in the Survivors of Breast Cancer with Lymphedema following a Low Calorie Diet: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2022
Ali Saneei Totmaj, Shahpar Haghighat, Shapour Jaberzadeh, Mehraban Navaei, Saeideh Vafa, Leila Janani, Hadi Emamat, Zahra Salehi, Maryam Izad, Mitra Zarrati
Reduction in excess arm edema volume after synbiotics supplementation is a new finding that has not been reported prior the present study. Reduction of arm edema volume occurred in both groups, but this reduction was only significant in the synbiotic group (%- 37.26 vs %- 20.75). However, in previous studies, the effect of weight loss has been shown to improve edema (14, 33, 34). The results of the present study unprecedentedly prove that receiving synbiotic supplement along with a weight-loss diet can significantly reduce the arm’s edema. Shaw et al. showed thata weight-loss diet lasting 12 weeks could significantly reduce the volume of edema (33). Obesity is a risk factor for the development and progression of lymphedema in BCSs (6, 12). Several mechanisms are proposed for this relationship, including a reduced muscle pump efficiency, excess fat deposits, and negative effects on lymphatic vessels in overweight or obese patients (35, 36).