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Tanshinone Diterpenes
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Pulok K. Mukherjee, Natural Medicines, 2019
Mohamed-Elamir F. Hegazy, Tarik A. Mohamed, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy, Ahmed R. Hamed, Sara Abdelfatah, Soleiman E. Helaly, Nahla S. Abdel-Azim, Khaled A. Shams, Abdel-Razik H. Farrag, Abdessamad Debbab, Tahia K. Mohamed, El-Seedi Hesham R., Mohamed E.M. Saeed, Masaaki Noji, Akemi Umeyama, Paul W. Paré, Thomas Efferth
Tanshinones are classified as abietane-type diterpenoids originally isolated from the Chinese plant Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen or Tanshen in Chinese). The first identified tanshinone metabolite was reported by Nakao and Fukushima in 1934. Since then, more than 40 lipophilic tanshinones have been isolated and chemically identified (Wang et al. 2007a,b; Dong et al. 2011; Zhang et al. 2012). Recently, several studies have been published concerning the isolation, identification, synthesis and biological activity of tanshinone metabolites. These compounds have been reported to exhibit significant in vitro and in vivo pharmacological activity, especially as cardiovascular (Gao et al. 2012; Zeng et al. 2012) and anticancer agents. Indeed, biological activity has been observed against several human cancer cell lines (Nizamutdinova et al. 2008a,b; Su et al. 2008; Zhou et al. 2011; Gong et al. 2012).
Examples of single Chinese and botanical medicines derived from TCM
Published in Raymond Cooper, Chun-Tao Che, Daniel Kam-Wah Mok, Charmaine Wing-Yee Tsang, Chinese and Botanical Medicines, 2017
Raymond Cooper, Chun-Tao Che, Daniel Kam-Wah Mok, Charmaine Wing-Yee Tsang
Tanshinone IIA is one of the most abundant constituents of the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza which exerts antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions in many experimental disease models. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has been widely used for various cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders in Asian countries. Tanshinone IIA might be a novel promising therapeutic agent for oxidative stress injury in neurodegenerative diseases. It may improve renal dysfunction associated with chronic kidney disease. Tan IIA was effective for attenuating the extent of brain edema formation in response to ischemia injury in rats.
THE PROGRESS OF USING CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES IN CANCER RESEARCH
Published in Kevin Chan, Henry Lee, The Way Forward for Chinese Medicine, 2001
radicals formation, down-regulating the apopotic genes, affect hor-mones and ions transport, or cause DNA strands break (Table 8.1). Apoptosis or "programmed cell death" represents a mode of cell death during which the cell activity participates in self-destruction (see review Arends et al. 1990, Gorczyca et al. 1993). It has been identified by the internucleosomal DNA cleavage, which appears to be associated with endonuclease activation. Camptothecin from Camptotheca accuminata is a prototypical DNA topoisomerase I interactive agent which kills cancer cells by breaking the DNA strands leading to cell death by apoptosis (Traganos et al. 1996, Palissot et al. 1996). Topotecan and 9- Amino-20 (S)-camptothecin (9-AC), the analogs of camptothecin, are now being tested in Phase I clinical trail for leukemia and in Phase II trail for the metastatic breast cancer in the US (Eder et al. 1996). Paclitaxel, an analog of taxol from the Taxuss chinensisspp (Goldirsch et al. 1998, Lee et al. 1998), is also being currently tested in clinical trial as an apoptotic drug. Pharmacological studies demonstrated that curcumin is an antimutagen as well as an antipromoter for cancer (Hanif et al. 1997, Anto et al. 1996). The anticancer effect of curcumin is related to its ability to accumulate cells in the G2/M phase, inhibition on prostaglandin synthesis, as well as antioxidant property (Hanif et al. 1997). Cucumin also induces cell death through suppression of the cell death genes such as Bcl-2 and p53 (Mehta et al. 1997). Bufalin, an active principal of Chinese medicine Chan-su has been shown to induce cell death of human leukemia U937 by apoptosis (Watabe et al. 1997). All fifteen tanshinone analogues isolated from the chloroform extract of Danshen roots (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix) have showed certain degrees of cytotoxicity to the KB, Hela, Colo-205 and Hep-2 carcinoma cell lines (Wang et al. 1996).
Mechanistic exploration of Yiqi Liangxue Shengji prescription on restenosis after balloon injury by integrating metabolomics with network pharmacology
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2023
Tianshi Mao, Long Xie, Yanqiong Guo, Xiang Ji, Jie Wan, Xiaoyun Cui, Qian Fan, Wei Liu, Shuai Wang, Wenbo Han, Qian Lin, Wenhao Jia
The network pharmacology results showed that the key components of YQLXSJ were quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol and tanshinone IIa. Among them, tanshinone IIa is recommended by the China State Food and Drug Administration for its therapeutic potential against cardiovascular diseases. Quercetin inhibits VSMC proliferation and migration and reduces EC dysfunction and apoptosis (Dagher et al. 2021). As one of the main components in Salviae Miltiorrhizae, tanshinone IIa can improve EC function and inhibit VSMC migration by suppressing the ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways (Lu et al. 2018; Feng et al. 2021). KEGG analysis showed that the greatly related pathways included PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway and HIF-1 signaling pathway, indicating that YQLXSJ probably contributes to the repair of endothelial injury by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and cell proliferation.
Improved transdermal permeability of tanshinone IIA from cataplasms by loading onto nanocrystals and porous silica
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2021
Xiangshuai Gu, Jueshuo Guo, Yaping Mai, Yang Niu, Jing Chen, Qipeng Zhao, Jianhong Yang
Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional oriental medicine which contains a variety of active ingredients of tanshinones used for transdermal drug delivery (Wang et al. 2016; Yu et al. 2016). Tanshinone IIA is a lipophilic diterpenoid quinone which has a wide array of pharmacological effects, such as enhancing coronary circulation to prevent myocardial ischemia and infarction (Yu et al. 2014). It is also important in the treatment of some skin diseases because of its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Yifan Li et al. had demonstrated that tanshinone IIA can suppress P.acnes-induced inflammation by blockade of TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway (Li and Zhou 2018). Tanshinone IIA is a promising candidate for transdermal delivery because of its appropriate physicochemical properties, such as low molecular weight (294 Da), high lipophilicity and low daily dose. However, its extremely low aqueous solubility limits its permeation into the active epidermis (Kouchak et al. 2014; Wu et al. 2018). Suitable dosage forms and carrier-based delivery of tanshinone IIA could have a significant effect on skin permeation, absorption and, consequently, its therapeutic efficacy.
The protective effect of tanshinone IIa on endothelial cells: a generalist among clinical therapeutics
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Jun Feng, Lina Liu, Fangfang Yao, Daixing Zhou, Yang He, Junshuai Wang
Indeed, more and more therapeutic drugs are synthetic and produced, but adverse effects are brought along with these synthetic drugs and even the adverse effects limit or prevent their clinical use. Even worse, over the product of synthetic drugs is wasting resources, contaminating environment and destroying people’s health. By contrast, plants provide us the vast treasure resource to develop medicines. Medicines from plants are safe and moderate to people. Thus, galenic pharmacy should be paid more attention though the synthetic drugs are predominant in clinical practice worldwide. As chemical drugs cannot avoid adverse effect in treatment, it is necessary to seek substitutes. However, tanshinone IIa has been widely applied to aliment vascular diseases due to its significant pharmacological and therapeutic properties to improve endothelial cell function, including alleviating oxidative stress, modulating ion channels, attenuating apoptosis, relieving hypoxic damage, inhibiting thrombosis, diminishing inflammatory injury, and even regulating the rennin-angiotensin system, as well as prompting endothelial cells proliferation. The best development pattern is to employ chemical drug synthetic technology to explore new drugs from plant and synthesize multiple therapeutic agents. Hence, we propose the prospective that tanshinone IIa represents a spectrum of agents that are extracted from plants and can restore the endothelial function to establish the beneficial and harmless molecular therapeutics.