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Fundamentals of mental health assessment for non–mental health practitioners
Published in Nicola Neale, Joanne Sale, Developing Practical Nursing Skills, 2022
Health and social inequalities are avertible; studies on inequalities linked to mental health show that those living in areas of poverty with poor access to employment and income are less likely to engage in healthy activities such as exercise, healthy eating and have poorer access to healthcare (The Kings Fund 2020). As a result of this, many individuals with mental health conditions are not receiving basic annual physical health checks. Monitoring of physical health in individuals with mental illness is vital due to all contributing factors including the effects of psychiatric medications. Psychiatric medications themselves can impact on someone’s physical health; for example, they can impact someone’s weight; people on average gain around 13lbs in weight during the first two months of taking psychiatric medications and this continues over the first year, which increases the risk of diabetes and heart disease, high blood pressure, problems with cholesterol and hormone levels (NICE 2015).
The Forensic Toxicological Aspects of Deaths Due to Drowning and Bodies Recovered from Fluid Environments
Published in Kevin L. Erskine, Erica J. Armstrong, Water-Related Death Investigation, 2021
Psychiatric medications are prescribed for a variety of psychiatric conditions and include antidepressant, antianxiety, antimanic, antipsychotic, and antiaddiction medications. These medications treat conditions such as depression, anxiety disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and drug and alcohol addiction. Because of their actions upon primarily the CNS, these medications have side/adverse effects that may manifest as some degree of motor, cognitive, or sensory impairment. The consumption of these medications in conjunction with certain over-the-counter medications, and/or with alcohol can exaggerate impairment or have serious adverse and potentially lethal consequences due to alteration in their metabolism and blood levels. Medications given for certain other conditions, such as alcoholism (disulfiram) and heroin addiction (methadone), have their own set of side effects and potential for toxicity and death due to elevated blood levels. Short of death due to toxicity, some of these medications have the potential to create varying degrees of impairment and to have direct organ effects, which could place one at risk of water-related injuries or drowning. Their detection in the postmortem setting can provide not only an insight into the person’s medical or psychiatric history, but also some explanation as to how and why an injury or drowning was sustained.
Psychological Rehabilitation of COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
In addition to the mentality that may appear in the initial stage of treatment, patients may also be lonely, do not cooperate, give up treatment due to fear of the disease, or even show excessive optimism and have high expectations for treatment. The principle of psychological intervention is to actively communicate information and consult a psychiatrist if necessary. Adopt comprehensive rehabilitation treatment programs, such as psychological support therapy, short-term anxiety treatment, music therapy, occupational therapy, cognitive intervention, etc. If necessary, consult a psychiatrist to determine whether psychiatric medication is needed.
The Feasibility of a Mindfulness Intervention for Depression in People with Mild Dementia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Published in Clinical Gerontologist, 2023
Deirdre Noone, Jacob Payne, Josh Stott, Elisa Aguirre, Ms Mina Patel-Palfreman, Charlotte Stoner, Eanna O Hanrachtaigh, Aimee Spector
Depression and anxiety are common in people with dementia (PWD) (Kuring, Mathias, & Ward, 2018); with the prevalence estimated to be between 20% and 30% for depression (Enache, Winblad, & Aarsland, 2011) and between 5% and 21% for anxiety (Kuring et al., 2018; Lyketsos et al., 2002; Savva et al., 2009). In people with dementia, depression and anxiety are linked with negative outcomes, such as reduced quality of life and worsened cognition (Rapp et al., 2011; Winter, Korchounov, Zhukova, & Bertschi, 2011). Psychiatric medications, which are prescribed to treat depression and anxiety, are associated with adverse side effects (Stomski, Morrison, & Meyer, 2016); and there has been limited support for their effectiveness in PWD (Dudas, Malouf, McCleery, & Dening, 2018). Non-pharmacological interventions for depression and anxiety, in PWD, have been identified as potential areas for development (Cooper, Sommerlad, Lyketsos, & Livingston, 2015); and a recent meta-analysis has found that psychosocial interventions are effective at reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety in this population (Noone, Stott, Aguirre, Llanfear, & Spector, 2019).
A Perspective on Neurobiological and Intersubjective Connectedness in Coexisting Schizophrenia and Substance Use Disorders
Published in Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 2022
Nicole D. Hune, Thomas F. McGovern
Pharmacological maintenance therapy can begin after acute psychiatric stability is achieved and SUD withdrawals have surpassed. In schizophrenia, maintenance therapy often involves the use of antipsychotic medications and generally improves self-care, emotions/mood, and socialization, which are all essential in preventing psychiatric relapses (Crismon, Kattura, & Buckley, 2014; Patel et al., 2014). However, oftentimes medications do not address all problems. Many people require adjunct interventions. Therapeutic interventions expand upon pharmacology, while also improving medication adherence (Lindenmayer et al., 2009), motivation, ambivalence, and long-term goals (Patel et al., 2014). These interventions are not a substitution for psychiatric medications but are used in combination with pharmacology (Crismon et al., 2014).
The paradoxical association between tension-reduction alcohol outcome expectancies and tension following alcohol consumption
Published in The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 2022
Kenneth B. Abrams, Leslie Mei, Cathy S. Chen, Elissa Koele, Joshua Kwan, Zachary Montes, Marcus van Ginkel, Haiming Zhou
We advertised for adults aged 21–65 and “in good health” through flyers and ads in local newspapers. We excluded a) those with conditions for which alcohol consumption would be inadvisable, including pregnant or breastfeeding women, individuals taking medications for which alcohol consumption is contraindicated, those who acknowledged “a history of alcoholism” or scored beyond the cutoff scores on the Alcohol Use Identification Test (see Measures subsection), and individuals maintaining alcohol abstinence; and b) those who could impair the internal validity of the study, including individuals with pacemakers or peripheral neuropathy and those not fluent in English. Additionally, those taking psychiatric medications “as needed” were required to abstain from such medications for three days prior to both sessions. Approval for the study was granted by the Carleton College Institutional Review Board.