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Set Recovery Goals
Published in Sandra Rasmussen, Developing Competencies for Recovery, 2023
Relapse is a return to addictive behavior (alcohol, drugs, gambling, gaming) after a period of abstinence or a deviation from harm reduction protocols. Relapse happens with a fair amount of certainty and predictability for many people with addiction. Relapse rates for people with addiction are similar, even lower, when compared with people who have chronic conditions such as hypertension or asthma. Even with treatment, an estimated 60% of people relapse at some point post-treatment. Relapse prevention is a major goal in early recovery.
Hepatitis A
Published in Vincenzo Berghella, Maternal-Fetal Evidence Based Guidelines, 2022
Rebecca Pierce-Williams, Neil Silverman, Steven K. Herrine, Danielle Tholey
Hepatitis A is usually transmitted through fecal-oral contact with infected persons or contaminated food and/or water. Most cases in the United States are directly transmitted through person-to-person or sexual contacts during outbreaks. The average incubation period is 28 (15–50) days, with peak infectivity 2 weeks prior to an abrupt symptom onset [9, 10]. HAV infection can be symptomatic (adults) but also asymptomatic (mostly children <6 years of age). The vast majority of cases are self-limited (1–2 weeks), though severe cases can last months [11]. Relapse can occur (up to 20% of cases), though the symptoms are often milder, and the average duration is 4.7 weeks, with reported durations up to 4 months [12]. Anti-HAV IgM usually appears 5–10 days before symptoms present, and can persist for 3–12 months [10].
When to Stop Antiepileptic Drugs
Published in Stanley R. Resor, Henn Kutt, The Medical Treatment of Epilepsy, 2020
It is generally agreed that over 50% of relapses occur during the phase of AED withdrawal or within a few months thereafter. Some 70–80% of relapses occur within one year of withdrawal. Nevertheless, occasional relapses continue for years after withdrawal (see Fig. 1), and therefore duration of follow-up will influence overall relapse rates. In the longest study to date, Thurston et al. (34) re-examined the fate of 148 children originally reported by Holowach et al. (28). In the original study the latter authors reported a relapse rate of 24% at 5–12 years of follow-up. Ten years later, Thurston et al. (34) found that only five further patients had relapsed increasing the relapse rate from 24 to 28%. Such late relapses may be more frequent in adults (see Fig. 1).
Long-acting antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: opportunities and challenges
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Peter M. Haddad, Christoph U. Correll
Apart from the personal suffering and distress caused by psychotic symptoms, relapse can have serious social, educational, and vocational repercussions for the individual. A cross-sectional study in the United States showed that patients with schizophrenia who had relapsed in the last year, compared to patients without relapses, were significantly more likely to have experienced negative psychosocial outcomes including being homeless, unemployed, having served a prison sentence and experiencing current difficulties with living independently [52] (see Figure 1). Importantly, most psychosocial outcomes became poorer as the number of relapses increased [52]. These data are consistent with studies showing that treatment responsiveness reduces with successive relapses and can progress to treatment resistance [53–56]. Unsurprisingly, based on these data, nonadherence with antipsychotics has a high financial cost for health services [57].
The lived experiences of recovering Filipino persons who use drugs (PWUDs) without family support
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2022
Trixia Anne C. Co, Nico A. Canoy
The goal of practitioners (e.g. drug counselors, community-based drug interventionists) is relapse prevention. Relapse occurs when there is a return to substance abuse after a period of abstinence, even with previous treatment (Larimer et al., 1999). It is usually caused by immediate determinants like high-risk situations, a person’s coping skills, and outcome expectancies together with other covert factors such as lifestyle imbalances, urges, and cravings (Larimer et al., 1999). To address potential for drug relapse, studies on recovery capital emerged to highlight the quantity and quality of internal and external resources that can be used as anchors to initiate and sustain recovery (Vilsaint et al., 2017). Recovery capital increases self-determination and empowerment by reconstructing a renewed identity not defined by drug use which is further enhanced through stronger and meaningful connections with others (Best et al., 2014). The use of recovery capital follows a strengths-based approach that involves identifying and building on existing or acquired personal and social assets (i.e. capital) to encourage continuous drug treatment (UNODC, 2008).
Reasons of relapse and pattern of drug use among the substance users in Bangladesh: A nationwide study
Published in Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 2022
Mohammad Hayatun Nabi, Iqbal Masud, Tasnuva Humaira, Amir Hussain, Farah Naz, Promit Ananyo Chakraborty, Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader
Relapse is usually defined as the recurrence of SUD symptoms after a period of reduced substance use and is quite common among youth and adults after treatment at high rates (Gossop et al., 2002). Relapse following drug treatment is quite common. Previous studies reported that between 66% to 80% of both adults and adolescents initiate substance abuse again within 6months after an episode of community-or hospital-based drug or substance abuse treatment (Hendershot, 2011). It has been reported globally even in countries where the rates of completion of inpatient treatment is good but the relapse rate is still high: 33% in Nepal (Niraula, 2006) (55.8% in China (Tang et al., 2006) and 60% in Switzerland and it occurred within 1 year after discharge from treatment programs. There are multiple factors associated with relapse such as post-treatment confinement, mental or other comorbid disorders, craving for drugs and withdrawal symptoms (Farrell et al., 2005).