Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Herbs with Antidepressant Effects
Published in Scott Mendelson, Herbal Treatment of Major Depression, 2019
At least one specific phytochemical in Panax ginseng, ginsenoside Rg1,12 and its intestinal metabolite. 20(S)-protopanaxadiol13 has been found to have potent antidepressant effects in animal studies. The metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol was as potent as fluoxetine.
How Differences in Chemical Constituents in Ginseng Affect Medicinal Effects
Published in Joseph P. Hou, The Healing Power of Ginseng, 2019
The root of P. ginseng contains a large number of different constituents. There are primarily a number of saponins, generally referred to as ginsenosides. The three genuine sapogenins of ginsenosides were identified as 20(S)-protopanaxadiol, 20(S)-protopanaxatriol, and oleanolic acid.1–3 Panaxadiol and panaxatriol, which were supposed to be the sapogenins, were later found as artifacts during acid hydrolysis of saponins.3–5 The sapogenins and saponins isolated from ginseng root are listed in Table 14.1.6–14
Catalog of Herbs
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Medicinal Herbs, 2018
Liu and Staba,232 comparing the ginsenosides with those of other ginseng plants and products, found the highest total ginsenoside concentration in sanchi ginseng (8.7 w/w%) with larger proportions of Rbg, Re, and Rgl than Rc, Rd, and F11. Both (20S)-protopanaxadiol and (20S)-protopanaxatriol ginsensoides were detected. Sanchi saponins have sedative effects on mice. In vitro, sanchi saponins inhibit Escherichia coli, Sporotrichum schenchii, Staphylococcus, Trichophyton gypseum, and T. tonsurans. The anticancer compound, beta-sitosterol (perhaps ubiquitous), has been reported with daucosterol, a glycoside of quercitin and six saponins from root hairs.41
Protective Effects of Different Doses of Ginsenoside-Rb1 Experimental Cataract Model That in Chick Embryos
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Yunus Emre Kundakci, Abdulkadir Bilir, Emre Atay, Ayhan Vurmaz, Fatma Firat, Evrim Suna Arikan
Ginsenoside Rb1 (panax ginseng saponin) is a protopanaxadiol.19 This ginsenoside and its metabolites have a variety of in vitro and in vivo effects, including neuroprotective, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects.19–22 No detailed studies have been conducted to evaluate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of how GRb1 combats cataracts and their complications. The glucocorticoid-induced chick embryo cataract model is an easy, feasible, and ideal experimental model to screen for parameters associated with the antioxidant activity of some phytochemical agents.9,23,24 This cataract model is often associated with posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC). Since oxidative stress is a significant risk factor in the early stages of developing PSC opacities, it is possible to reduce the incidence of PSC by various means, including antioxidants.25 In this study, the protective and therapeutic effects of GRb1 were investigated in the chick embryo cataract model induced by hydrocortisone hemisuccinate sodium (HC).
Ginsenoside Rc attenuates myocardial ischaemic injury through antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Lei Shi, Wenwen Fu, Huali Xu, Shihui Li, Xinyu Yang, Wei Yang, Dayun Sui, Quanwei Wang
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (Araliaceae) (ginseng) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. Recent studies demonstrated that there are many active components in ginseng showing cardioprotective effects. Ginsenosides extracted from ginseng are considered as bioactive constituents which are promising agents for treatment of cardiovascular diseases and stroke (Wang et al. 2021; Xie et al. 2021). Ginsenoside Rc belongs to the type of protopanaxadiol ginsenosides. Previous study showed that ginsenoside Rc upregulated catalase by regulating FoxO1 phosphorylation or FoxO1 acetylation. Thus, it suppressed ROS production and ameliorated the oxidative stress-induced injury in human embryo kidney 293 T cells (Kim et al. 2014). In lipopolysaccharide-challenged macrophages, ginsenoside Rc showed an anti-inflammatory property by regulating TANK-binding kinase 1 signalling pathway (Yu et al. 2017). It was shown that ginsenoside Rc could improve energy metabolism of cardiomyocytes, neurons and attenuated the injuries of myocardial or cerebral ischaemia (Huang et al. 2021). Ginsenoside Rc attenuated the acute cold exposure-induced myocardial injury in rats. The mechanisms of action were partially associated with the regulation of mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in myocardium (Xue et al. 2021). However, it is still not clear whether ginsenoside Rc can attenuate isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischaemic injury. This study aims to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rc on myocardial ischaemic injury in mice.
Ginsenoside CK-loaded self-nanomicellizing solid dispersion with enhanced solubility and oral bioavailability
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2020
Liyan Zhao, Lei Wang, Liping Chang, Yunlong Hou, Cong Wei, Yiling Wu
Ginseng, the root of Panax species, is widely used as traditional herbal medicine in China and Korea (Singh et al. 2017). Ginsenosides are the major bioactive constituents in ginseng, and exhibit numerous pharmacological activity including anti-cancer (Jin et al. 2016; Xiao et al. 2016), cardioprotective, anti-diabetic (Wei et al. 2015) and neuroprotective properties (Guo et al. 2018). According to the chemical structure, ginsenosides are divided into protopanaxadiol (PPD), protopanaxatriol (PPT) and oleanolic acid ginsenosides. It has been reported that ginsenosides exhibits cardioprotective effects like improving cardiac function (Zheng et al. 2017; Gou et al. 2019), remodeling during heart failure (HF) (Lim et al. 2013; Jiang et al. 2014) and protecting from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) or hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury (Li et al. 2016).