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Chlorophytum borivilianum (Musli) and Cimicifuga racemosa (Black Cohosh)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Rajib Hossain, Dipta Dey, Partha Biswas, Priyanka Paul, Shahlaa Zernaz Ahmed, Arysha Alif Khan, Tanzila Ismail Ema, Muhammad Torequl Islam
The mechanism of the immunomodulation effect occursprobably through phagocytosis regulation, activation of peritoneal macrophages, stimulate lymphoid cells, which regulate cellular immune response and nonspecific cellular immune system activity.Furthermore, increasing circulating total white cell counts and interleukin-2 levels, as well as producing antigen-specific immunoglobulin (IgG), inducing non-specific immunity mediators and natural killer cell numbers, reducing chemotherapy-induced leukopenia, and reducing chemotherapy-induced leukopenia (Kumar et al., 2012;). C. borivilianum contains polysaccharideswithimmunomodulating activity, increase NK cell effect, phagocytosis, and antibody titer valve (Thakur et al., 2007). Sapogenins and ethanolic root extract also provide an immunomodulating effect. The immunostimulatory efficacy of the aqueous extract, polysaccharide fraction, and non-polysaccharide fraction produced from C. borivilianum hot water extraction was investigated (Thakur et al., 2011a). The phytochemical examination of C. borivilianum' shot water-soluble root extracts resulted in the quantification of almost 60% w/w polysaccharides, namely 31% inulin-type fructans and 25% acetylated mannans (Thakur et al., 2009b). The administration of the aqueous extract at 50 and 100mg/kg exhibit a significant increase in IgG level, followed by polysaccharide fraction and polysaccharide fraction (Thakur et al., 2011a).
Title Optimization of the Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Phytochemicals from Fenugreek Seeds
Published in Dilip Ghosh, Prasad Thakurdesai, Fenugreek, 2022
Aleksandra Bogdanovic, Vanja Tadic, Slobodan Petrovic, Dejan Skala
Response surface methodology and central composite design was applied with the goal to optimize the extraction process with maximal achieved sapogenins content in extract. The solvent power under determined conditions induces the solubility of steroidal compounds. The supercritical extraction process was investigated according to the influence through three independent process parameters: pressure, temperature, and consumption of SC CO2. The variation of applied process conditions induced different yields of obtained extracts followed by individual and different content of sapogenins in them. Yield of extract, content of steroidal and triterpenoid sapogenins, in correlation to applied condition were analyzed and optimized by the chosen RSM and CCRD model. The RSM model examined the correlation to fit the quadratic equation, proven and estimated through the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test.
Characterization of Phyto-Constituents
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Himangini, Faizana Fayaz, Anjali
From the plant Saponaria vaccaria, the word saponin is taken, which was once utilized as soap. They comprise of polycyclic aglycones joined to at least one sugar side chains. The frothing capacity of saponins is because of the blend of a hydrophobic (fat solvent) sapogenin and a hydrophilic (water dissolvable) sugar part, which upon hydrolyzis produces aglycone, “sapogenin.” There are two kinds of sapogenin: steroidal and triterpenoidal. Saponins are highly poisonous, causing hemolysis of blood and are very well known as cattle poisoning agents (Akinpelu et al., 2012). They have a severe and bitter taste and it also causes irritation on the mucous membrane. The most significant saponin drugs are quillaia and senega. Commercial saponins are obtained essentially from the plant Yucca schidigera and Quillaja saponaria. Yucca and Quillaja Saponins are utilized in beer industries, to create stable froth. A few saponins are dangerous and are known as sapotoxin. Studies have outlined the helpful impacts of saponins on blood cholesterol levels, bone conditioning, tumor, and as an immune booster. They have been widely utilized in cosmetic industries like cream, shampoos, and facial cleansers as a result of their cleanser properties.
Sarsasapogenin and fluticasone combination improves DNFB induced atopic dermatitis lesions in BALB/c mice
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2021
Deepa S. Mandlik, Satish K. Mandlik, Snehal S. Patel
Each mouse spleen tissue was collected and weighed on the day of sacrifice. The spleen is a lymphatic organ that facilitates the functioning of immune cells and removes the cells surrounded by bacteria or antibodies. It grows larger when during infection or inflammation in the body. Therefore, we investigated the mitigation effects of AD using a steroidal sapogenin, SG and its combination with FC. DNFB group mice had significantly (p < .001) higher spleen weight than the NC group mice. In comparison to DNFB-treated mice, SG and SG + FC treatment mildly improved the phenomenon and significantly (p < .05) reduced the spleen weight. Notably, the FC group's spleen weight decreased considerably (p < .01), which coincided with immunosuppressant side effects.
Cytotoxic activity of standardized extracts, a fraction, and individual secondary metabolites from fenugreek seeds against SKOV-3, HeLa and MOLT-4 cell lines
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Justyna Stefanowicz-Hajduk, Barbara Król-Kogus, Barbara Sparzak-Stefanowska, Katarzyna Kimel, J. Renata Ochocka, Mirosława Krauze-Baranowska
Diosgenin, the most abundant aglycone of fenugreek saponins demonstrated significant anticancer potential in vitro (Moalic et al. 2001; Corbiere et al. 2004; Melo et al. 2004; Raju et al. 2004; Liu et al. 2005; Raju and Bird 2007; Raju and Mehta 2009; Li et al. 2010; Lepage et al. 2011; Lin et al. 2013; Li et al. 2015; Selim and Al Jaouni 2015). This sapogenin inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells and induced apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell lines including colorectal, osteosarcoma, breast, leukaemia and hepatocellular. Several models of cancer in vivo gave evidence that diosgenin inhibits the tumour growth (e.g., rat colorectal tumour, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer xenografts in mice, mouse LA795 lung adenocarcinoma tumour) (Chen et al. 2015; El Bairi et al. 2017; Sethi et al. 2018).
Combination of Sarsasapogenin and Fluticasone attenuates ovalbumin-induced airway inflammation in a mouse asthma model
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2020
Deepa K. Ingawale, Satish K. Mandlik, Snehal S. Patel
In this study, FC was used as a standard anti-inflammatory drug and reported to have protective activity against OVA-induced asthma [40]. Usually, steroidal drugs are effectual in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases but are associated with severe side effects such as metabolic disorders, bone marrow suppression, glaucoma, diabetes, ulcers, hypertension, gastric irritation and are observed at high doses [21]. None of the research work was published on the anti-inflammatory effect of SG + FC in OVA-induced bronchial asthma. SG, a steroidal sapogenin was preferred to evaluate its anti-inflammatory effect with FC with the surplus advantage of being a natural constituent with lesser side effects.