China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A young atopic girl had a 6-month history of a severely pruritic, burning, oozing eruption confined to her eyelids. The patient’s mother had been assiduously protecting her daughter from all products known to contain fragrances or other common contact sensitizers. Examination revealed erythematous, eczematous lichenified plaques on both upper and lower eyelids, with extensive serous crusts. The patient underwent patch testing and she reacted only to hydroperoxides of linalool. As the patient was apparently already avoiding all fragrances, no specific recommendations could be given. One week later, the patient’s mother told that her daughter’s nanny washed her hair once a week with the shampoo of the child’s father, which is fragranced. After removing the shampoo from the household, the patient’s eyelid dermatitis had completely resolved 3 months later, without any other intervention. Headspace gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis showed easily detectable amounts of linalool and the major linalool oxide (the furan derivative: 2-(5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl)propan-2-ol). Later, liquid chromato-graphy–mass spectrometry analysis showed the shampoo to contain 87 μg/g linalool, 0.8 μg/g linalool oxide (the furan derivative), and 0.2 μg/g linalool hydroperoxides. Although not conclusive, the authors stated that their results strongly suggest that hydroperoxides of linalool present in the shampoo was a critical factor contributing to this patient’s eyelid dermatitis (64).
HLA-DR and -DQ Typing by DNA-RFLP Analysis
Published in M. Kam, Jeffrey L. Bidwell, Handbook of HLA TYPING TECHNIQUES, 2020
Transfer the aqueous phase to a clean 250 ml Nalgene bottle, and add an equal volume of isopropanol (propan-2-ol). Mix, leave at room temperature for 15 min, and centrifuge at room temperature for 30 min at 3000 × g.
Hydrolytic Enzymes for the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Sergio González-Granda, Vicente Gotor-Fernández
In a similar approach, another halohydrin such as 1-chloro-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]propan-2-ol has been efficiently resolved using CRL and a large excess of vinyl acetate (VinOAc, 67.5 equiv.) in toluene, obtaining the (R)-acetate in 98% ee and the (S)-alcohol in 96% ee after 9 h at 30°C (Scheme 9.23). The KR was performed in preparative although in low substrate concentration (10 mM), serving the optically active alcohol as immediate precursor of the (S)-Encipracine, compound with cardiovascular, hypotensive and local anaesthetic applications (Banoth et al., 2012). Lipase-catalysed KR 1-chloro-3-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-piperazin-1-yl]propan-2-ol for the synthesis of (S)-Encipracine.
Efficacy of Different Hair and Skin Decontamination Strategies with Identification of Associated Hazards to First Responders
Published in Prehospital Emergency Care, 2020
Joanne Larner, Adam Durrant, Philip Hughes, Devanya Mahalingam, Samantha Rivers, Hazem Matar, Elliot Thomas, Mark Barrett, Andreia Pinhal, Nevine Amer, Charlotte Hall, Toni Jackson, Valeria Catalani, Robert P. Chilcott
Methyl salicylate (99+%) and curcumin (98%) were sourced from Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium. Johnson’s™ Baby Shampoo and Baby Oil, produced by Johnson and Johnson, New Brunswick, NJ, USA, were both purchased locally in the UK. Propan-2-ol, methanol, acetic acid, formic acid and acetonitrile (all HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK. Deionized water (18.2 MΩcm) was prepared in-house using a MilliQ Integral3 water purifier purchased from Millipore (UK) Ltd., Watford, UK. Dosing simulant was prepared by dissolving curcumin in methyl salicylate to produce a 10 mg mL−1 solution. This mixture was subsequently diluted 9:1 w:w with Johnson’s Baby Oil. The final nominal concentrations of methyl salicylate and curcumin were 1100 and 9 µg mL−1, respectively.
Holistic development of coal tar lotion by embedding design of experiments (DoE) technique: preclinical investigations
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2020
Mandeep Sharma, Gajanand Sharma, Bhupinder Singh, Vandana Dhiman, Sanjay Kumar Bhadada, O.P. Katare
The selected critical factors were further optimized through mixture design with D-optimality criterion. The effect of selected factors on coal tar content, steady-state permeation flux (Jss), and skin retention was evaluated by varying them at two levels while fixing the other factors (Table 1). The phospholipid concentration was varied from 3-8% w/w while propan-2-ol from 17-22% w/w. The design matrix was prepared using Design Expert software (Table 2). Response variables of different formulations, prepared as per design, were determined and a quartic mathematical model (equation number 1), with the help of software, was fitted to establish the relation between factors and each response. The optimized formulation was selected through numerical optimization by imposing various constraints on the factors and responses (Table 3). The optimized formulation was selected on the basis of maximum value of desirability function. The suitability of chosen mathematical model was determined through the plots between observed and predicted values, and residual and predicted values of different formulations having desirable attributes.
Co-crystal of tramadol-celecoxib: preclinical and clinical evaluation of a novel analgesic
Published in Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 2019
Neus Gascon, Carmen Almansa, Manuel Merlos, José Miguel Vela, Gregorio Encina, Adelaida Morte, Kevin Smith, Carlos Plata-Salamán
Several crystallization techniques were investigated until CTC (Figure 1) was isolated from propan-2-ol. Subsequently, CTC was characterized using single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy. These showed that CTC is a unique crystalline entity formed by a three-dimensional network in which rac–tramadol.HCl and celecoxib are linked non-covalently [26]. CTC is, therefore, an ionic co-crystal, defined as that typically sustained by charge-assisted hydrogen bonds and normally formed by a positive moiety (in this case tramadolium cation), a negative charged counterion (in this case the chloride anion) and a neutral molecule (in this case celecoxib).