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Drug Overdoses during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Ergot compounds have an oxytocin-like action and stimulates uterine contractions. Spontaneous onset of preterm labor following ingestion of ergot also occurred with therapeutic levels of the drugs, but at usual therapeutic levels prematurity was the only complication, and there were no fetal deaths. Two antidotes to ergot alkaloid overdose (prazosin and nitroprusside) are now available that were unavailable to treat patients described earlier (Au et al., 1985). Nitroprusside should be avoided during pregnancy because it conjugates to cyanide and accumulates in the fetal liver. Therefore, prazosin is the preferred antidote for use during pregnancy.
“My Patient is Hysterical”
Published in Paul Ian Steinberg, Psychoanalysis in Medicine, 2020
Mrs. F, a 59-year-old widow engaged to be remarried, was found by her children to be incoherent and immobile. She was admitted with blood pressure of 230/130 mmHg, and demonstrated unresponsiveness, waxy flexibility, and stereotyped behavior, smacking her lips and alternatively patting her stomach with the palm and dorsum of her hand. She initially was unable to provide a history, would not allow her eyes to be opened, and grimaced and withdrew in response to pain. There were no other significant findings on physical examination. Electrolyte values were within normal limits, apart from an initial slightly low serum sodium level. Five months before admission, Mrs. F was treated for hypertension of 150/90 mmHg with hydrochlorthiazide 100 mg and amiloride 10 mg. Prazosin 2 mg was added one month before admission, and hydralazine 200 mg was prescribed three days before admission.
Management of Autonomic Dysreflexia
Published in Jacques Corcos, Gilles Karsenty, Thomas Kessler, David Ginsberg, Essentials of the Adult Neurogenic Bladder, 2020
François Hervé, Christina W. Agudelo, Karel Everaert
Prazosin is a postsynaptic α1-adrenoceptor blocker, which lowers blood pressure by relaxing blood vessels. It has a negligible effect on cardiac function due to its α1-receptor selectivity and does not excessively lower baseline blood pressure.
Neuroimmunomodulation of adrenoblockers during liver cirrhosis: modulation of hepatic stellate cell activity
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Mariana Yazmin Medina Pizaño, María de Jesús Loera Arias, Roberto Montes de Oca Luna, Odila Saucedo Cárdenas, Javier Ventura Juárez, Martin Humberto Muñoz Ortega
In a mouse model of progenitor cell activation, recent studies demonstrate that inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system, either through α1-adrenergic antagonism with prazosin or chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxy dopamine, promotes progenitor cell activation and lessens liver damage [86]. Similar studies on chronically CCL4-intoxicated mice revealed that 6-hydroxydopamine and the sympathetic neurotransmitter prazosin prevented fibrosis [85]. Stellate cells may produce and respond to norepinephrine, as demonstrated by other investigators [87]. Recently, acute galactosamine intoxication and acute and chronic CCL4 intoxication were investigated. Authors demonstrated that prazosin considerably increased the number of progenitor cells (identified by OV-6) and dramatically decreased the number of hepatic stellate cells (identified by GFAP, desmin, and α-SMA) in acute and chronic rat models. The prazosin-treated animals had less fibrosis than the control animals, supporting the findings. Isolated progenitor and stellate cells both express α-adrenergic receptors. Prazosin is a well-tolerated medication that offers intriguing possibilities for upcoming therapy approaches [85].
Evaluation of anti-scorpion (Hottentota tamulus) venom potential of native plants extracts using mice model
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Samima Asad Butt, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Shaukat Ali, Muniba Tariq, Ali Hassan, Muhammad Summer, Chand Raza, Shafaat Yar Khan
Different treatments such as anti-venom, prazosin, inotropic agents, atropine, vasodilators and benzodiazepines are used to treat scorpion sting clinically (Bouaziz et al. 2008, Boyer et al. 2009, Bawaskar and Bawaskar 2011). Prazosin is a very potent adrenergic antagonist which lowers the blood pressure and peripheral resistance by vasodilating the peripheral vessels (veins and arteries), without raising the heart rate and disturbing the functions of sympathetic nervous system (Cohen 1970, Hess 1975, Reynolds 1982, Goodman 1996).The effect of vasodilation not only has relaxant effect on blockade of post synaptic but also on the vascular smooth muscles (Arky 1996). Prazosin inhibits the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases.16. The outcome of prazosin may include the rise of intracellular cyclic AMP at vascular points and cyclic GMP level at cholinergic receptor sites of heart (Hess 1975).
New approved and emerging pharmacological approaches to alcohol use disorder: a review of clinical studies
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2021
Kirsten C Morley, Christina J Perry, Joshua Watt, Tristan Hurzeler, Lorenzo Leggio, Andrew J Lawrence, Paul Haber
Prazosin is another α-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist which has been trialed in several studies to reduce alcohol consumption. In a human laboratory study (N = 17), prazosin led to significantly lower alcohol craving and anxiety following stress exposure relative to placebo [89]. Following a pilot trial (N = 36) yielding a positive result for some alcohol consumption outcomes [90], a 12-week double-blind trial of prazosin versus placebo on a target dosing schedule of 16 mg/day by week 2 in participants with AUD was conducted (N = 92) [91]. Per protocol analysis revealed that prazosin caused significant reductions in alcohol consumption measures over time relative to placebo. However, in terms of adverse events, prazosin-treated participants reported significantly greater drowsiness and edema relative to placebo. One trial of prazosin in patients with comorbid AUD and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (N = 96) did not find any significant medication effect on PTSD symptoms or alcohol consumption, suggesting that presence of PTSD affects the efficacy of the medication [92]. Pending further results regarding tolerability and safety, prazosin may hold promise in the treatment of AUD.