Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Identification of Botanical and Geographical Origins of Honey-Based on Polyphenols
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Arijit Nath, Rasul Hafiz Ansar Suleria, Plant-Based Functional Foods and Phytochemicals, 2021
Zsanett Bodor, Csilla Benedek, Zoltan Kovacs, John-Lewis Zinia Zaukuu
Some molecules can be dominant in some types of honeys, thus qualifying them as potential marker molecules. Different phenolic acids and flavonoids are present in several types of honeys. Chrysin, luteolin, pinocembrin, quercetin, luteolin, apigenin, galangin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and pinobanksin were detected in more than 10 monofloral types. Also, syringic acid, 4-hydroxy-benzoic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, and ferulic acid were detected in more than 10 honeys from various botanical origins. Therefore, these are not real qualitative marker molecules, and their quantitative determination might be a unique tool to differentiate honeys from different botanical and geographical origins.
Heterocyclic Drugs from Plants
Published in Rohit Dutt, Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Vandana Garg, Promising Drug Molecules of Natural Origin, 2020
Debasish Bandyopadhyay, Valeria Garcia, Felipe Gonzalez
Flavonoids, are a class of secondary metabolites that are largely found in the fruit or skin of various species of plants. Flavonoids primarily contain a C6-C3-C6 skeleton, made by two phenyl and anoxyhetero-cyclic rings, are abundant in various plants. Flavonoids can be divided into five majorsubclasses. These subclasses include flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, and isoflavones. (Figure 8.1). These subclasses contain structural and biological diversities. These characteristics are important for a pharmacological role in biogenesis and chemotaxonomic signification (Murkovic, 2003). A research conducted by Joray et al. (2015) reported five flavonoid compounds from the plant Flourensiaoolepis and determined the cytotoxic and antibacterial activities of these five flavonoids. Regionally known as “chilca” in the Argentinean region, the ethanol extract of Flourensiaoolepis, is recognized in containing both antibacterial and anticancer activities. Five out of 51 chemical compounds: 2,4-dihydroxychalcone, isoliquiritigenin, pinocembrin, 7-hydroxyflava-none, and 7,4-dihydroxy-3-methoxyflavanone have demonstrated in vitro anticancer activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell lines. Furthermore, 2,4-dihydroxychaclone, isoliquiritigenin, pinocembrin, 7-hydroxyflavanone demonstrated antibacterial properties (Figure 8.2). The study reported that the bacteriostatic activity of 2,4-dihydroxychaclone against P. mirabilis bacteria resistant strain was better than a few commercial antibiotics.
Increasing the Sensitivity of Adipocytes and Skeletal Muscle Cells to Insulin
Published in Christophe Wiart, Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome, 2017
Cardamonin, alpinetin, and pinocembrin isolated from the seeds of Alpinia katsumadae Hayata induced at a concentration of 30 μM glucose uptake by L6 skeletal muscle cells.349 The effect of cardamonin (Figure 4.24) was superior to insulin at 0.1 μM.349 This chalcone induced the translocation of glucose transporter-4 and this effect was not inhibited by wortmannin indicating the noninvolvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Cardamonin did not induce the phosphorylation of Akt or protein kinase λ/ζ nor it had effect on the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase.349 Flavonoids have the ability (at high concentration) to generate reactive oxygen species hence activation of adenosine monophosphate activated protien kinase.
Pinocembrin alleviates chronic morphine-induced analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia by inhibiting microglial activation
Published in Neurological Research, 2022
Dongfeng Han, Weiping Dong, Wei Jiang
Pinocembrin, present in various plants, honey, and propolis, is a natural flavonoid with a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities[19]. Importantly, previous studies have suggested a potent neuroprotective effect of pinocembrin in various disease models, such as suppression of ischemia-reperfusion induced autophagy, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the rat brain and improvement of cognitive function in diabetic mice [20–22]. Pinocembrin attenuates brain damage caused by intracerebral hemorrhage primarily by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and the inflammatory M1 microglial polarization[10]. Pinocembrin is currently undergoing phase II clinical trials because of its exceptional efficacy in attenuating ischemic stroke-induced brain damage[19]. Therefore, we speculate that pinocembrin might suppress morphine tolerance through inhibition of microglial activation and neuroinflammation. Our findings not only demonstrated a potent suppressive effect of pinocembrin on chronic morphine tolerance but also revealed that pinocembrin was sufficient to reverse preexisting morphine tolerance. Consistent with the anti-inflammation effect, we show that pinocembrin significantly suppresses chronic morphine induced spinal microglial activation and neuroinflammation. These findings prompted us to further explore the molecular mechanism underlying pinocembrin mediated inhibition of microglial activation to provide a better understanding for future clinical application.
Pinocembrin ameliorates arrhythmias in rats with chronic ischaemic heart failure
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2021
Yan Guo, Cui Zhang, Tianxin Ye, Xiuhuan Chen, Xin Liu, Xiaoli Chen, Yazhou Sun, Chuan Qu, Jinjun Liang, Shaobo Shi, Bo Yang
Pinocembrin, one of the flavonoids, mainly extracted from propolis [7]. Pinocembrin contain several active functional groups such as hydroxyl group [8], which has anti-inflammation and negative ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) effects in cardiac tissues. It also alleviates the MI area [9], inhibits myocyte apoptosis [10], resists calcium overloading, and reduces the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation. On the other hand, pinocembrin improves neuronal degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease [11]. Moreover, in cerebral I/R, pinocembrin reduces infarct size, improves behavioural dysfunction, and attenuates neuronal damage [12].
In vitro α-glucosidase inhibition by Brazilian medicinal plant extracts characterised by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2022
Mariacaterina Lianza, Ferruccio Poli, Alan Menezes do Nascimento, Aline Soares da Silva, Thamirys Silva da Fonseca, Marcos Vinicius Toledo, Rosineide Costa Simas, Andréa Rodrigues Chaves, Gilda Guimarães Leitão, Suzana Guimarães Leitão
In the screening of 15 extracts from Brazilian medicinal plants, four extracts emerged as promising inhibitors of the α-glucosidase enzyme. These extracts were obtained from the flowers of Hyptis monticola and the leaves of Lantana trifolia and Lippia origanoides harvested in two different areas. The three most active extracts, from H. monticola and L. origanoides, were analysed by UHPLC–MS/MS. Comparing the two L. origanoides leaves extracts, the sample from the Amazon region resulted enriched in C-glycosyl flavones. Among these, isoorientin and isovitexin, two potent inhibitors, were not found in the sample from the Atlantic Forest. Conversely, some metabolites of the extract LOVV were not detected in LOM. These include pinocembrin and sakuranetin, which were proved to possess good and moderate activity against the enzyme, respectively. The differences in the chemical profiles could explain the different bioactivity of the extracts. The bioassay-guided fractionation of LOVV extract led to the identification of the bioactive compounds, namely vicenin 2, naringenin, and pinocembrin. Aiming at assessing the activity of the flavonoid aglycones, more highly expressed in LOVV than in the LOM extract, their IC50 was calculated, and the mechanism of enzyme inhibition determined. Naringenin showed an IC50 of 70 ± 2.1 μM and the mechanism of enzyme inhibition resulted of competitive type. The IC50 of pinocembrin was of 156 ± 1.3 μM and the inhibition resulted of mixed type. These data agree with those found in literature. The fractionation of the extract from H. monticola caused a loss of activity, no fractions yielded IC50s values lower than the extract. This could be the consequence of a synergistic effect of metabolites or could be caused by the presence of a tannin component which are interfering in this type of assay. Overall, the analysed extracts were found to possess several compounds with anti-α-glucosidase activity, particularly the leaves extract from L. origanoides. Hence, they could be considered as natural sources of antidiabetic agents and they could be evaluated for the development of nutraceutical formulations for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.