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Anti-Proliferative Properties of Various South African Buddleja Species
Published in Namrita Lall, Medicinal Plants for Cosmetics, Health and Diseases, 2022
Antioxidants that scavenge active oxygen molecules (free radicals) play an important role in sustaining human health, because the antioxidants decrease the amount of oxygen stress that can be caused due to free radicals (i.e. air pollutants, ozone, exposure to X-rays, cigarette smoke, etc.). It has been identified that activated oxygen species are one of the major contributing factors of aging, diabetes, hardening of arteries and cancer. Approximately 90% of age-related diseases have been linked to some extent to activated oxygen (Ito and Hirose, 1989; Tarpey and White, 1994). Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of B. globosa display antioxidant activity (i.e., 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH, superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and xanthine oxidase inhibition) (Backhouse et al., 2008). The phenylethanoid glycosides, which are a major class of compounds present in the flowers of B. officinalis, have been reported to have antioxidant activity utilizing a total oxidant scavenging capacity (TOSC) assay against peroxynitrite (Tai et al., 2009).
Chemopreventive Agents
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
Oleocanthal (Figure 12.39), the di-aldehydic form of the (–)-deacetoxy-ligstroside aglycone, is a naturally occurring phenolic compound (known as a phenylethanoid), found in newly pressed extra-virgin olive oil. It is thought to be responsible for the stinging and/or burning sensation that occurs in the back of the throat when consuming extra-virgin olive oil, from which its name was derived (i.e., “oleo” for olive, “canth” for sting, and “al” for aldehyde). Another interesting observation is that oleocanthal is an activator of the TRPA1 ion channel, which is also activated by ibuprofen and could be responsible for the burning sensation when consuming extra-virgin olive oil. These results were confirmed by synthesizing and examining both isomers of oleocanthal to rule out the effects of minor contaminants. Furthermore, it has been reported that oleocanthal shows potential in the treatment of inflammatory degenerative joint diseases. Structure of oleocanthal.
Role of Vitamin D and Antioxidant Functional Foods in the Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Published in Abhai Kumar, Debasis Bagchi, Antioxidants and Functional Foods for Neurodegenerative Disorders, 2021
Echinacoside is a natural phenylethanoid glycoside, isolated from Echinacea angustifolia, that, although poorly bioavailable, has shown to prevent the neurodegenerative process in an animal model of AD via the possible molecular pathways that include mitigation of ROS-related effects (Liu, Yang, Dong, Zhang, & Ma, 2018).
Antiproliferative activity, cell-cycle arrest, apoptotic induction and LC-HRMS/MS analyses of extracts from two Linum species
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Ryma Mouna, Alexis Broisat, Abdalwahab Ahmed, Marlène Debiossat, Ahcène Boumendjel, Catherine Ghezzi, Zahia Kabouche
Forty flavonoids (flavones, flavonols, isoflavones, neoflavoid, chalcones, and one anthocyanidin) were detected. The major compounds were vicenin-2 isomer 1 (4), vitexin (37), trihydroxyflavone (74), homoorientin (27), vicenin-2 isomer 4 (21), vicenin-2 isomer 2 (12), vicenin-2 isomer 3 (16), cirsiliol (64), tricin 5-glucoside isomer 2 (66), 5,3′-dihydroxyflavone (17), luteolin (51), orientin isomer 1 (25), with respective percentages 8.08, 7.53, 6.70, 5.58, 5.17, 4.75, 4.67, 3.52, 3.38, 2.80, 2.61, and 2.54%. Four lignans, lanicepside B (14), olivil 4′-O-glucoside (15), a phenylnaphthalene (69), and the major compound podophyllotoxin-β-d-glucoside (71) with a percentage of 4.41%, were detected. In addition, 19 phenolic acids, from which 17 hydroxycinnamic acids and two hydroxybenzoic acids were detected with chicoric acid (24) as the major compound (8.19%). The analyses also showed the presence of one phenylethanoid (30) and one coumarin derivative (55), besides other compounds including one carbohydrate, melibiose (1), one alkaloid (26), two polyketides (50 and 75), three terpenoids (62, 68 and 76), and three fatty acids (65, 77 and 78) (Table 2).
Potential of the natural products against leishmaniasis in Old World - a review of in-vitro studies
Published in Pathogens and Global Health, 2020
Sofia Cortes, Carolina Bruno de Sousa, Thiago Morais, João Lago, Lenea Campino
Plant extracts and their derivatives are well known as sources of compounds that could achieve high biological activities, including against Leishmania parasites [64]. In this review 86 isolated compounds exhibiting antileishmanial activity against one or both parasite life forms of different parasite species were listed (Table 1). This review shows that identified metabolites are chemically diverse, comprising different chemical families. These include alkaloids such a quinazoline derivative (1), terpenoids such as sesquiterpenes (2–8), diterpenes (9–11) and triterpenes (12–22). Lignoids have been described as lignans (23–27) and neolignans (28–30). Minor phenylpropanoids (31–36) and a phenylethanoid (37) were identified. Other aromatic compounds have also been described, as iridoids (38–41), a diarylheptanoid or curcumin (42) and its derivatives (43–45), hydrolyzable tannins (46–50). From the chemical family of quinones, several compounds were studied as benzoquinones (51–53), hydroquinones and derivatives (54–61), naphthoquinones (62–65) and isoflavanquinones (66–68). Flavonoids known as flavones (69–72), a coumarin (73), benzoic acid derivatives (74, 75), steroids (76–84) and triacylglycerols (85, 86) have also been described.
Systems pharmacology approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms of herb Rhodiola rosea L. radix
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2019
Wenjuan Zhang, Ying Huai, Zhiping Miao, Chu Chen, Mohamed Shahen, Siddiq Ur Rahman, Mahmoud Alagawany, Mohamed E. Abd El-Hack, Heping Zhao, Airong Qian
Rhodiola rosea L. radix (RRL) is a common species of the genus Rhodiola which is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Europe and Asia [1]. Generally, RRL has widely been used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, diarrhea, hysteria, hernias, headaches as well as cognitive dysfunctions [2]. It has also been reported that RRL possess benificial effects on kidney stones, swellings, back pain, as well as mood disorders [3,4]. Additionally, RRL possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-aging, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-fatigue, and neuroprotective effects [5,6], contributed to the presence of various phytochemicals such as phenols and flavonoids [7–11]. For example, the phenylethanoid derivatives such as salidroside, rosavins, rosin, and p-tyrosol are responsible for the treatment of depression, fatigue, and cognitive dysfunction [2]. However, due to the multi-compound systems of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), the material basis, and molecular mechanisms involved in RRL still remain unclear. Therefore, the development of modern and technologic approaches is urgently needed for the analysis of action mechanisms of RRL in the treatment of various diseases.