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Herbal Drug Discovery Against Inflammation: From Traditional Wisdom to Modern Therapeutics
Published in Amit Baran Sharangi, K. V. Peter, Medicinal Plants, 2023
Shalini Dixit, Karuna Shanker, Madhumita Srivastava, Priyanka Maurya, Nupur Srivastava, Jyotshna, Dnyaneshwar U. Bawankule
A polyphenolic compound hydroxytyrosol, from extra virgin olive oil, exhibits strong anti-inflammatory activity by improvement in a model of DSS-induced colitis (Sánchez et al., 2015). Resveratrol mainly present in grapes, wine, and peanut products, etc., is a polyphenolic stilbene which occurs in cis or trans configuration. Laboratory studies on animals, human cultured cells suggest that it possess therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidants which may further prove relevant for the treatment of chronic diseases (Smoliga, Baur, and Hausenblas, 2011). Another important flavonol, kaempferol [3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one] has a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antiallergic, and antidiabetic (Somani et al., 2015).
Coronary Artery Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Olive oil’s “secret sauce” is probably related to its antioxidant activity, particularly oleocanthal. This polyphenol is extremely important, as its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are most likely the source of its antiaging benefits. Other polyphenols such as oleuropein (OL) and hydroxytyrosol (HT) represent molecules of extreme interest for their favorable biological and pharmacological properties. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol not only serve as potent antioxidants, but they also exhibit antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities while promoting healthy blood vessel dilation and reducing the risk of blood clotting. A 2018 rodent study13 evaluated oleuropein and concluded that this phenolic compound prevents oxidation and protects against strokes. Hydroxytyrosol bestows equally remarkable benefits, including the prevention of plaque buildup in arteries. In an animal study,14 rabbits given HT for 1 month ended up with improved cholesterol profiles and elevated blood antioxidant status, as well as reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in their arteries.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Olive oil also contains polyphenols, but the content can differ dramatically between olive oil products. EVOO has the highest content of polyphenols with four main groups of phenol compounds: simple phenols (hydroxytyrosol), flavonoids, secoiridoids, and lignans. Of interest, the greatest source of the polyphenol, lignans, in the PREDIMED cohort was EVOO. Lignans were one of the polyphenols associated with the greatest all-cause mortality reduction within the study (Tresserra-Rimbau et al., 2014). Further analysis demonstrated a potential ability of the polyphenols present in EVOO to downregulate the expression of pro-atherosclerosis genes and related inflammatory and lipid oxidative markers. Hydroxytyrosol is the polyphenol that often has the highest content in EVOO, and it can be measured through urinary excretion to mark adherence with consumption.
Systematic review on activity of liposomal encapsulated antioxidant, antibiotics, and antiviral agents
Published in Journal of Liposome Research, 2022
Reshna K. R, Preetha Balakrishnan, Sreerag Gopi
The hydroxytyrosol (HT, 3,4-Dihydroxyphenethyl alcohol) is found in olive oil and in leaves of olive trees. In addition to having a complex structure, HT is very sensitive to light and air, and is extremely unstable and hydrophilic, both of which influence its biological function (Karković Marković et al. 2019). To enhance the bioavailability and biocompatibility of HT, water-soluble liposomes encapsulating the compound are prepared. The preparation process variables (temperature, phospholipid/cholesterol mass ratio, Tween-80 volume, and HT mass) were examined and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Particle sizes of HT liposomes were found to be well distributed in the range of 100–400 nm. Prepared HT liposomes had better stability and a distinct slow release effect in vitro compared to free HT. Furthermore, HT liposomes showed better DPPH radical scavenging activity than free HT, possibly due to the fact that HT was encapsulated inside the liposomes (Yuan et al.2017).
Niosomal formulation of hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic antioxidant, for enhancing transdermal delivery across human cadaver skin
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Ahmed Al Saqr, Manjusha Annaji, Ishwor Poudel, Shivani Rangari, Sai H. S. Boddu, Amit K. Tiwari, R. Jayachandra Babu
Polyphenolic compounds, commonly found in natural products such as fruits, vegetables, wine, olive oil, etc., are known to have antioxidant effects (Khurana et al. 2013). Hydroxytyrosol (2-[3,4-dihydroxyphenyl] ethanol, HT) is one of the most potent antioxidant agents available in olives. It is soluble in a water (10 mg/ml) compound with a log P of 0.12 and a molecular weight of 154.16 g/mol (Khalil et al. 2017). It has many biological activities, such as antioxidant, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory activities (Cicerale et al. 2012). The presence of an o-dihydroxyphenyl moiety is the main reason for its high antioxidant activity (Fernández-Bolaños et al. 2012). Further, HT has the antioxidant ability by inhibiting oxidative stress after lipopolysaccharide-induced effects (Fuccelli et al. 2018). It shows a protective effect against UVB-induced DNA damage through its antioxidant effect (Guo et al. 2010). HT inhibits the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and low-density lipoproteins carrying cholesterol (LDL-C). Inhibiting the oxidation of LDLs and LDL-C, HT helps prevent the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases (Bulotta et al. 2014). HT also has been reported to inhibit platelet aggregation (Peyrol et al. 2017) and proliferation of various cancer cells such as breast cancer (Sirianni et al. 2010), colon cancer (Terzuoli et al. 2017), melanoma (D'Angelo et al. 2005), and prostate cancer cell lines (Zubair et al. 2017).
Chemical composition, antioxidant activities, in an allergic asthma model, of Olea europaea L. leaf extracts from Collo (Skikda, Algeria)
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Zineb Rouibah, Amir Ben Mensour, Ons Rekik, Mahieddine Boumendjel, Faiza Taibi, Mohamed Bouaziz, Abdelfattah El Feki, Mahfoud Messarah, Amel Boumendjel
This research work has revealed that Algerian olive leaf extracts (Bouricha Variety) and their acid hydrolysate contain many potentially bioactive compounds. Indeed, LC-MS/MS analysis of the leaf extract showed the presence of major active components (Oleuropein, Hydroxytyrosol, Verbascoside, and Apigenin). The obtained results confirmed that the hydrolysis of the AE of olive leaves was very active against the ROS. The acid hydrolysate extract was proven to have a higher antioxidant capacity, in vitro, than that of the AE, due to the HT-enriched fraction. Moreover, the in vivo study has demonstrated that olive leaves and acid hydrolysate extracts enhance the antioxidant defense system in the experimental asthmatic model. The acid hydrolysate extract was shown to have a better protective effect than the AE. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report the effect of hydroxytyrosol on an experimental model of asthma.