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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Nerol is a colorless clear liquid; its odor type is floral and its odor is described as ‘fresh, citrus, floral, green, sweet, lemon/lime and waxy with a spicy depth’ (www.thegoodscentscompany.com). Nerol occurs in many plants (see ‘Presence in essential oils’ below). It is a component of tobacco and tobacco smoke. Nerol is an important commercial chemical. It is used as a fragrance ingredient (e.g. in household products), an intermediate to make other terpene products (particularly citral, ionones, methyl ionones, citronellol, citronellal, hydroxycitronellal, menthol, and carotenoids) and as a flavoring compound in foods (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Erzhi pills ameliorate cognitive dysfunction and alter proteomic hippocampus profiles induced by d -galactose and Aβ1–
40 injection in ovariectomized Alzheimer’s disease model rats
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Yongyan Xie, Bo Yan, Min Hou, Maofu Zhou, Chao Liu, Mengsheng Sun, Kun He, Cong Fang, Yaohui Chen, Liping Huang
Erzhi pills are a classic prescription of Chinese medicine originating from the Fu Shou Jing Fang in the Ming dynasty, with the effects of nourishing the kidney ‘essence’ and hemostasis, and strengthening muscles and bones (Cai et al. 2011). Erzhi pills are composed of Ligustrum lucidum WT Aiton (Oleaceae) (Nv Zhen Zi) and Eclipta prostrata Linn (Asteraceae) (Mo Han Lian). Pharmacological research has shown that Erzhi pills provide enhanced immunity and improved intelligence and that they have anti-ageing, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and various other effects (Cai et al. 2011). It was found that Erzhi pills can improve the learning and memory abilities of d-galactose induced ageing rats, that they have anti-ageing functions, scavenge brain free radicals, and protect neurons (Gao et al. 2010). Erzhi pills can also significantly improve the physical movement coordination, learning, and memory abilities of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced Parkinson’s disease mice (Wu et al. 2019). In our previous study, Erzhi pills improved the learning disorders of ovariectomized AD mice by promoting energy metabolism and vesicle transport (Huang et al. 2017, 2018). The active ingredients of Erzhi pills, such as quercetin, geraniol, β-sitosterol, nerol, and eriodictyol, may ameliorate AD, and the mechanism of action of these compounds is closely related to the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway (Huang et al. 2017). At present, research on Erzhi pills is only conducted at the level of overall efficacy, and its anti-AD mechanism has not yet been clarified. It is also currently unclear whether Erzhi pills can ameliorate cognitive dysfunction in AD rats induced by ovariectomy combined with d-galactose and Aβ1–40 injection. These limitations greatly hinder clinical applications.
Linalool loaded on glutathione-modified gold nanoparticles: a drug delivery system for a successful antimicrobial therapy
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Majid S. Jabir, Ali A. Taha, Usama I. Sahib
Since prehistoric times, humans have used the natural product of plant to treat varied types of diseases. Now, natural compounds that extracted from plants had been used for many applications in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases [1]. Numerous researches were studied the efficiency of natural products and investigated their molecular pathways on disease. Though it has been established that several types of natural product have a powerful medicinal effect, but the weakly solubility and bioavailability have restricted their usage [2]. Infectious diseases are the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. In 1990, infections cause 16 million deaths, and in 2010, the number of deaths had fallen to 15 million. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli are a major cause of various humans and animals infections [3]. These bacteria can cause skin and soft tissues infections, surgical site infections, bone and joint infections and other types of disease [4]. Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease, reported from 98 countries of the world. So far, there is no effective vaccine or drug to control this disease or killed the vectors. The annual new cases of Leishmaniasis are estimated to be 1–2 million cases. Leishmaniasis globally threatens 350 millions of people throughout the world [5,6]. Essential oil is a concentrated hydrophobic liquid containing volatile aroma compounds [7]. Linalool is one of the common types of essential oil. It is a monoterpene with chemical formula (C10H18O) which occurs naturally in more than 200 oils obtained from herbs, leaves, flowers and wood [8]. This oil made out from many plants through an enzyme known as Linalool synthase, which ionizes and rearranges the construction of geranyl diphosphate or it may be produced through chemical synthesis [9]. This monoterpene alcohol had antifungal and antibacterial activates as well as antioxidant and anticancer properties [10]. Linalool is a key compound for creation of a variety of domestic products, cosmetics and fragrance chemical substances including nerol, geraniol, citral and its precise derivatives, as well considering it plays role in the synthesis of vitamins A and E in pharmacy [11]. Over the last few years, scientists have used a new pathway for delivering drug, dependent on nanotechnology science and have been actively focusing on the synthesizing nanoparticles conjugated with various natural products extract from plant [12,13]. Nanotechnology is a field that used techniques and tools from various disciplines, together with biology, chemistry and medical science [14]. The fundamental plan behind nanotechnology science could be a structural property of a molecule that are typically not offered from individual molecules and bulk solids [15]. This field may well be critically improved the drug bioavailability, and successively prevent or reduce the toxicity that related to the high doses which are generally needed for optimum response [16,17]. The purpose of this study is to the Loading of Linalool on modified glutathione gold nanoparticles surface and studies its characters and investigated its activity against bacterial strains as a new therapeutic approach.