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Natural Products from the Amazon Region as Potential Antimicrobials
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Josiane E. A. Silva, Iasmin L. D. Paranatinga, Elaine C. P. Oliveira, Silvia K. S. Escher, Ananda S. Antonio, Leandro S. Nascimento, Patricia P. Orlandi, Valdir F. Veiga-Júnior
Geraniol (Fig. 2.7) is a monoterpenic alcohol usually found in the EOs of cinnamon, pelargoniums (Pelargonium) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon). It is known for its fragrance of roses as much as for its biological activity as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and antinociceptive (Solórzano-Santos et al. 2012; Lei et al. 2018; Mączka et al. 2020).
Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Geraniol is a colorless clear liquid; its odor type is floral and its odor at 100% is described as ‘sweet floral fruity rose waxy citrus’ (www.thegoodscentscompany.com). Geraniol occurs naturally in over 200 plants, including tea, grapes, apricots and plums. It is an important commercial chemical used in perfumery and food flavoring. Geraniol is also used in insect attractant formulations that are applied on fruits, vegetables, ornamentals, homes and garbage dumps. It is an ingredient in some natural tick repellents, pesticides, and animal repellents (U.S. National Library of Medicine).
Influence of Air on Essential Oil Constituents
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Darija Gajić, Gerhard Buchbauer
Geraniol (39) (trans-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-ol) belongs to the family of oxygenated monoterpenes and represents an acyclic primary alcohol (Stobiecka, 2015) whose carbon skeleton consists of two isoprene units (see Figure 29.21). This structural feature of geraniol is responsible for the presence of allylic, vinylic, and alkylic sites so, according to the study, different stability and reactivity can be ascribed to these sites. With regard to previously interpreted studies of linalool autoxidation, Stobiecka (2015) also suggested it is exactly the allylic H-atom that determines reactivity toward oxygen as well as the anti-/pro-oxidant qualities of fragrant molecules. As here further accentuated, the flavor and fragrance industry finds geraniol to be one of the most significant compounds owing to its frequent use in the production of fruity pleasant aromas, and furthermore, it is often used as an additive in everyday food products, perfumes, cosmetics, and household products.
Effect of geraniol against arecoline induced toxicity in the third instar larvae of transgenic Drosophila melanogaster (hsp70-lacZ) Bg9
Published in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, 2019
Barkha Shakya, Sonam Shakya, Yasir Hasan Siddique
DPPH method was used for estimating the free radical scavenging potential of geraniol (Wongsawatkul et al. 2008). It is based on the principle that when DPPH (a stable purple color substrate) react with an antioxidant, it is reduced to give a light yellow colored product (diphenyl picrylhydrazine). Change in the color intensity was measured spectrophotometrically. 500 µl of each selected dose of geraniol (10, 20, 30, and 40 µM) was mixed with 250 µl of DPPH (0.3 mM). The reaction mixture was thoroughly shaken and allowed to stand at room temperature in dark for 25 min. OD was taken at 518 nm and the percentage of radical scavenging activity was calculated from the equation given below:
Role of geraniol against lead acetate-mediated hepatic damage and their interaction with liver carboxylesterase activity in rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018
Ahmet Ozkaya, Zafer Sahin, Muslum Kuzu, Yavuz Selim Saglam, Mustafa Ozkaraca, Mirac Uckun, Ertan Yologlu, Veysel Comakli, Ramazan Demirdag, Semra Yologlu
Geraniol has a wide range of biological or pharmacological activities, while it is also considered as a pesticide or insecticidal agent (Merlini et al.2011, Leite et al.2015). Especially, its insecticidal or pesticide effect mechanism must be well characterised for human health. Depending on the potential of multi-directional activity, unexpected effects may also occur due to this monoterpene. For example, geraniol can induce skin sensitisation because of its contact allergenic effect (Hagvall et al.2007). We first observed that this monoterpene can affect liver Ces activity. This enzyme was lower in the geraniol group as well as Pb acetate and geraniol + Pb acetate groups. Interestingly, its activity was lower in the geraniol and geraniol + Pb acetate groups than the Pb acetate group. It was accepted that Ces plays a protective role, detoxifying xenobiotics by cleaving drugs and toxins (Cashman et al.1996). The essential oils of plants like geraniol are rich in monoterpenes and these family members can interact with detoxification enzymes such as Ces and GST in insects (Rachokarn et al.2008). Indeed, geraniol has been shown to have remarkable insecticidal and repellent activities against Sitophilus zeamais, is a genus of weevils (Reis et al.2016). Certain essential oil monoterpenes may exert an in vitro competitive inhibitor effect on esterase enzyme family (Grundy and Still 1985, Miyazawa et al.1997), but this action may not be correlated with in vivo toxicity to insects (Isman MB 2000). Enan (2001) suggested that using the octopaminergic nervous system is main target of a number of essential oil constituents as the site-of-action in insects. However, the lack of octopamine receptors in vertebrates at least in part accounts for the relative low mammalian toxicity of essential oils of monoterpenes (Isman 2000).
Evaluation of Apoptosis Pathway of Geraniol on Ishikawa Cells
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Betül Kuzu, Gökhan Cüce, İlknur Çınar Ayan, Burcu Gültekin, Halime Tuba Canbaz, Hatice Gül Dursun, Zafer Şahin, İlknur Keskin, Sabiha Serpil Kalkan
Geraniol is a perfume ingredient used in decorative cosmetics such as fragrances, shampoos, toilet soaps and other toiletries, and it is also used in non-cosmetic products such as household cleaners and detergents. Its worldwide use is around 1,000,000 kilograms per year (9).