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Brazilian Medicinal Plant Extracts with Antimicrobial Action Against Microorganisms that Cause Foodborne Diseases
Published in Mahendra Rai, Chistiane M. Feitosa, Eco-Friendly Biobased Products Used in Microbial Diseases, 2022
Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Sabrina Baleixo da Silva, Carissa Michelle Goltara Bichara, Johnnat Rocha Allan de Oliveira, Adilson Ferreira Santos Filho, Rafaela Cristina Barata Alves, Andrea Komesu, Mahendra Rai
Duarte et al. (2007) obtained EOs from leaves of 29 medicinal plants commonly used in Brazil and screened against 13 different Escherichia coli serotypes. EOs from Cymbopogon martinii exhibited a broad inhibition spectrum, presenting strong activity against 10 out of 13 Escherichia coli serotypes (three enterotoxigenic, two enteropathogenic, three enteroinvasive and two shiga-toxin producers). C. winterianus inhibited strongly two enterotoxigenic, one enteropathogenic, one enteroinvasive and one shiga-toxin producer serotypes. Aloysia triphylla also shows good potential to kill E. coli with moderate to strong inhibition.
Metabolism of Terpenoids in Animal Models and Humans
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Geraniol is a major component in the essential oils of Geranium graveolens, Cymbopogon martinii, and other Cymbopogon species. It has a rose-like odor and is commonly used in perfumes and cosmetics and as a flavor (O'Neil, 2006; Bornscheuer et al., 2014). Several metabolites could be identified in rat urine after oral administration (Chadha and Madyastha, 1984). Geraniol can be either metabolized via 8-hydroxygeraniol and 8-carboxygeraniol to Hildebrandt acid or directly oxidized to geranic acid and 3-hydroxycitronellic acid (Figure 10.14). The observed selective oxidation of the C-8 in geraniol also occurs in higher plants as the first step in the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. When incubated with human CYPs found in skin, geraniol was metabolized not only into the aldehydes neral and geranial, but also into epoxides like 2,3-epoxygeraniol, 6,7-epoxygeraniol, and 6,7-epoxygeranial (Hagvall et al., 2008).
Induced mutation breeding for qualitative and quantitative traits and varietal development in medicinal and aromatic crops at CSIR-CIMAP, Lucknow (India): past and recent accomplishment
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2020
Raj K. Lal, Chandan S. Chanotiya, Pankhuri Gupta
A number of mutation studies were conducted through gamma radiation over time in 12 medicinal and aromatic plants, viz. black henbane (Hyoscyamus niger L.), opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) and psyllium/isabgol (Plantago ovata F.), CIM Ajar, CIM Nirom, and CIM Sfurti in the Kewanch (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.), pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium), and Roselle (Hibiscus Sabdariffa L.) among medicinal plants, and German chamommile (Chamomilla recutita [L.] Rauschert), rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. ex Aiton), Muskdana (Abelmoschus moschatus), palmarosa (Cymbopogon martini var. Motia (Roxb. Wats.), and Java citronella (Cymbopogon winterianus Jowitt), Ceylon citronella (Cymbopogon nardus var. nadus), Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Roberty), and lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus Steud. Wats) among aromatic plants at CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP), Lucknow − 226 015, India. No breeding method can rectify some inherent defects in different medicinal and aromatic crops (MACs) so rapidly as mutation breeding could do as done by several research workers in the MACs (Sharma and Singh 1983; Lavania et al. 1985; Annual Reports 1986; Sharma et al. 1986; Misra and Sharma 1990; Misra et al. 1991; Sharma et al. 1992; Lal et al. 1993; Micke 1995; Sharma et al. 1997a, 1997b; Lal et al. 1998b, Lal, Sharma, Misra, 1999; Sharma, Lal, Gupta, et al. 1999; Sharma, Lal, Misra, et al. 1999; Misra et al. 2001).
Role of geraniol against lead acetate-mediated hepatic damage and their interaction with liver carboxylesterase activity in rats
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2018
Ahmet Ozkaya, Zafer Sahin, Muslum Kuzu, Yavuz Selim Saglam, Mustafa Ozkaraca, Mirac Uckun, Ertan Yologlu, Veysel Comakli, Ramazan Demirdag, Semra Yologlu
In 2014, Andrade et al. (2014) suggested that inhalation of Cymbopogon martinii essential oil and geraniol might induce oxidative stress and cause some degree of hepatic toxicity, as supported by the increase in serum ALT. In our study, serum ALT and AST activities, the diagnostic markers of liver damage, did not differ between the geraniol and the control group, these enzymes only increased in the Pb acetate group. In the liver histology, mononuclear cell infiltrations in the geraniol + Pb acetate group were lower than the Pb acetate group, but necrotic and degenerative changes were same in these groups. These findings mean that Pb acetate causes toxic damage in the liver and this effect can reduce with geraniol treatment. Our results are consistent with recently studies showing that geraniol can attenuate hepatotoxicity (Singh et al.2012) and improve liver tissue regeneration (Canbek et al.2017) in rats. Moreover, in our results, the 8-OhDG immunoreactivity was severe in the Pb acetate, but it was moderate in the geraniol + Pb acetate group. The formation of 8-OHdG in cells reflects DNA damage by oxidative stress, primarily by hydroxyl radicals (Floyd et al.1988). In humans, it has been reported that 8-OHdG reactivity in hepatic tissues of chronic liver disease increased in comparison with normal individuals (Shimoda et al.1994). Moreover, Ichiba et al. (2003) suggested that the number of 8-OHdG-positive hepatocytes has a correlation with ALT and AST in chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis. There are a few studies, which indicate an interaction with high 8-OHdG levels and Pb exposure in the hippocampal tissue, on this marker of the oxidative DNA damage and Pb-acetate (Zhang et al.2010, Mahjoub et al.2016). Consistent with these reports, in our study, serum ALT and AST activities only increased in the Pb acetate group and hepatic 8-OhDG immunoreactivity was higher in the Pb acetate group compared with the geraniol + Pb acetate group. Moreover, the hepatic lead concentration was lower in the geraniol + lead acetate group than the lead acetate group. The reduction of Pb accumulation in the liver may be related with limited biodistribution of this metal by possibly complexing or enhancing its elimination/excretion from the body. The chelating capacity of geraniol is unknown. Pb is eliminated from the liver mainly by the bile (Castellino et al.1966). The liver damage can lead to reduced lead excretion. Therefore, decreasing Pb accumulation in the geraniol + lead acetate group may be a result of the reduction in hepatic damage.