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Fundamentals of Injectable Filler Procedures
Published in Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Anand V Chytra, Nicholas Moellhoff, Zeenit Sheikh, Adapting Dermal Fillers in Clinical Practice, 2022
Yates Yen-Yu Chao, Sebastian Cotofana, Nicholas Moellhoff
With adequate cleansing of the skin, the treatment area should be prepared again with disinfectants. Because the injection of fillers is mostly a procedure of the face and is envisaged as a quick minimally invasive procedure, iodophor or polyvidone-iodine is not a good choice because it discolors patients’ faces and its benefit of broad coverage against fungi, viruses, protozoa, cysts, and spores is not necessary for the usual clean facial skin intended for aesthetic injections. Chlorhexidine is a wide-spectrum bactericidal effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but less effective against some species of Pseudomonas and Proteus and relatively inactive against mycobacteria and bacterial spores. An amount of 0.5% solution in alcohol (70%) is indicated for pre-procedure skin preparation. An amount of 70% isopropyl alcohol or ethanol is representative disinfectants, but irritation occurs sometimes.
Prevention of Microbial Contamination during Manufacturing
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Ethyl and isopropyl alcohol solutions are bactericidal and fungicidal but not active against spores (72). In general, isopropyl alcohol is considered to be slightly more efficacious against bacteria (73). A 60–70% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol concentration can be used as a sanitizer, but it is limited because of flammability risks. The contact time for a 60–70% ethyl or isopropyl alcohol solution as a sanitizer is 15 minutes. The advantage of using alcohol as a sanitizer is that no equipment rinsing is required due to its evaporation from equipment surfaces. It can also be used to dry small pieces of manufacturing equipment and is often used for manufacturing equipment that is involved in making liquid anhydrous product formulations. The disadvantage of alcohol is that it is not sporicidal and flammable vapors might form if used in large amounts. Because of their lipid solvency and low surface action, many alcohols can also be used as cleaning agents besides as a sanitizer (72).
Alcohols and Aldehydes
Published in Frank A. Barile, Barile’s Clinical Toxicology, 2019
Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) is a colorless and volatile alcohol with a fruity odor and a slightly bitter taste. It is present in rubbing alcohol, industrial solvents, paints, disinfectants, and parenteral drugs. It may be ingested accidentally by nonalcoholics and intentionally by alcoholics.
Co-delivery of amphotericin B and pentamidine loaded niosomal gel for the treatment of Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Published in Drug Delivery, 2023
Adnan Anjum, Kanwal Shabbir, Fakhar Ud Din, Shumaila Shafique, Syed Saoud Zaidi, Ali H Almari, Taha Alqahtani, Aleena Maryiam, Muhammad Moneeb Khan, Adel Al Fatease, Sidra Bashir, Gul Majid Khan
In order to find any potential change or damage in the skin tissues, FTIR analysis was accomplished. Usually, the skin has intact lipid bilayer structure in various layers, however, disruption of these layers may occur when stress is applied which may results in changing the structure of lipids specifically in the epidermis layer. In this study, epidermis of the skin was isolated using manual method. Briefly, skin was treated with isopropyl alcohol and dipped in pre-heated water (60 °C). The epidermis was clipped between the donor and receiver compartment of Franz diffusion cell. AmB-PTM-NIO-Gel was placed on the epidermis for 4 hrs as reported earlier in permeation study. Then, the epidermis was isolated and placed in PBS in order to remove the excess formulation. After that FTIR analysis was performed at a wave number 4000–650 cm-1 for the identification of functional group of skin lipid (Rabia et al., 2020).
Olive oil and clove oil-based nanoemulsion for topical delivery of terbinafine hydrochloride: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Uzma Gul, Muhammad Imran Khan, Asadullah Madni, Muhammad Farhan Sohail, Mubashar Rehman, Akhtar Rasul, Leena Peltonen
For development of less toxic nanoemulsions, nonionic surfactants in low concentrations are preferred over ionic surfactants (Abdou et al., 2017). In this study, two different nonionic surfactants, Tween 80 and Tween 20, were studied. Solubility of TF-HCl was higher to Tween 80 (50.24 mg/mL) as compared to Tween 20 (45.87 mg/mL), based on which Tween 80 (HLB = 14.5) was selected as a surfactant for further studies (Table 3). Isopropyl alcohol and ethanol were tested as possible co-solvents. TF-HCl was more soluble to ethanol (30.28 mg/mL; literature value 30 mg/mL (Vejnovic et al., 2010)) as compared to isopropyl alcohol (20.43 mg/mL). Solubility value for ethanol in this study was in very good agreement with the literature value 30 mg/mL (Vejnovic et al., 2010). Therefore, ethanol was selected as a co-solvent in this study.
COVID-19 decontamination procedures for photographic equipment in a secondary care setting
Published in Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 2020
Timothy Zoltie, Katie Owen, Alessandro Devigus, Sharon Kelly
Choice of decontamination is dependent on the contaminate and the photography environment. The authors found that as a standard infection control precaution, 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) was a suitable disinfectant for photographic equipment and is approved by Canon as well as PHE. Nikon also recommended use of IPA but at a higher concentration of 99.9%. Both Nikon and Canon agreed on utilising a lint free cloth, paying close attention to high-touch areas, and allowing the solution to dry on its own. No adverse effects have been identified through the regular use of IPA for camera disinfection by camera and lens rental companies (Cicala, 2020). While IPA is non-corrosive, fast acting and quick to evaporate, it is a low-level disinfectant and therefore not recommended for deep clean and decontamination due to its limited sporicidal activity and action against non-enveloped viruses.