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Cosmetic-Medical Treatments
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
M. Lourdes Mourelle, B. N. Díaz
There are basic rules for the formulation of cosmetics and cosmeceuticals for the care of the cancer patient, which can be summarized as follows: Low number of ingredients in the formulation: this reduces the possibility of using potentially irritating ingredients.The excipients should be emollient due to the increased presence of dry and sensitive skin in this type of patient.The use of potentially irritating substances should be avoided (e.g., hydroxy acids, retinoids, the most common depigmenting agents, alcohol in high proportions, etc., are excluded).Known sensitizing agents and allergens, published in dermatological guidelines, should be excluded.Vasodilators and any type of skin sensory stimulants should also be excluded (with special caution for the use of essential oils).
Superficial Peeling
Published in Antonella Tosti, Maria Pia De Padova, Gabriella Fabbrocini, Kenneth R. Beer, Acne Scars, 2018
Jessica Cervantes, Maria Pia De Padova, Antonella Tosti
α-hydroxy acids (AHAs) is a family of carboxylic acids consisting of glycolic, lactic, malic, oxalic, tartaric, and citric acid. Glycolic acid is the most popular AHA that is used as a peeling agent [8]. Superficial glycolic acid peels provide an overall improvement in the appearance of the skin with minimal post-peel recovery. The chemical effect of topical AHAs is to diminish corneocyte cohesion above the granular layer and diminish the quantity of desmosomes and tonofilament aggregates. This results in detachment of the stratum corneum with subsequent desquamation within 24 hours post-treatment [3]. In summary, AHAs such as glycolic acid result in thinning of the stratum corneum, promotion of epidermolysis, and dispersion of basal layer melanin [8]. Furthermore, increased secretion of interleukin-6 causes increases in dermal hyaluronic acid and collagen gene expression [1].
Non-Surgical Rejuvenation of the Ageing Face
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Lydia Badia, Peter Andrews, Sajjad Rajpar
Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) are the most commonly encountered hydroxy acid in aesthetic formulations. When AHA is applied on pathologically scaly skin such as that found in hereditary ichythosis, the thick stratum corneum separates and a normal thickness epidermis results. The opposite occurs when it is regularly applied on atrophic and aged skin where the epidermis is noted to thicken over a period of several months and revert to a normal thickness.7 Typically, over-the-counter formulations have concentrations of AHA in the range of 10–12% and are used once or twice a day. A 22-week double-blind randomized controlled trial showed superiority of 8% AHA cream over vehicle in improving the signs of photodamage and sallowness to the skin.8
Pharmaceutical, biomedical and ophthalmic applications of biodegradable polymers (BDPs): literature and patent review
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Barzan Osi, Mouhamad Khoder, Ali A. Al-Kinani, Raid G. Alany
Synthetic BDPs have been extensively investigated and used for various biomedical applications thanks to their good biocompatibility and controlled biodegradability properties. These applications include implants, scaffolds for tissue engineering, carriers in drug delivery, and sutures and wound healing (Chaudhary and Garg 2015). Poly (α-hydroxy acids) are among the most extensively investigated BDPs for medicinal applications (Niemelä and Kellomäki 2011). They can easily be synthesised either by condensation or via ring-opening polymerisation (Lipsa et al. 2010). Bulk erosion usually takes place during the process of degradation of Poly (alpha-hydroxy acids) (Ginjupalli et al. 2017). The most common polymers in this category include Poly lactic Acid (PLA), Poly glycolic acid (PGA) and their copolymers Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). Among those, PGA was the first biomaterial utilised for offering resorbable sutures under the name DexonR™. However, the hydrophilicity nature of PGA limits its applications where its high degradation rate increases the acidity of the surrounding tissues which, in turn, causes local inflammation (Stewart et al. 2018).
Efficacy and safety comparison of combination of 0.04% tretinoin microspheres plus 1% clindamycin versus their monotherapy in patients with acne vulgaris: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind study
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
S. Dogra, T. K. Sumathy, C. Nayak, G. Ravichandran, P. P. Vaidya, S. Mehta, R. Mittal, A. Mane, S. N. Charugulla
Patients aged ≥12 years with a clinical diagnosis of facial acne (inflammatory lesion count [papules + pustules] count between >20 to <50; non-inflammatory lesion count [open + closed comedones] between >20 to <100, and nodules [inflammatory lesion ≥5 mm in diameter] ≤ 2) and Investigator’s Static Global Assessment (ISGA) score of 3 (moderate) or 4 (severe) were included. Sexually active women of child-bearing potential who had a negative urine pregnancy test at baseline visit and who had agreed to use adequate birth control during the study were permitted. Patients with a known allergy or sensitivity to study drug, or who were concomitantly using any potentially irritating over-the-counter products that contained benzoyl peroxide, α-hydroxy acids, salicylic acid, retinol or glycolic acids, or who required concurrent use of topical (antimicrobials, anti-acne drugs, anti-inflammatory agents, corticosteroids, retinoids) or systemic (corticosteroids, antimicrobials, retinoids) medication and not willing to undergo the specified washout period were excluded. Patients with any other dermatological conditions of face, or with a history of other clinically significant medical disorders within last 6 months of study enrollment were excluded. Patients with facial beard or mustache that could interfere with the study assessments were excluded.
Actinic keratosis and imiquimod: a review of novel carriers and patents
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Mandeep Sharma, Gajanand Sharma, Bhupinder Singh, O.P. Katare
Winkle and Osborne had filled a patent application for imiquimod formulations. The patent disclosed the method of enhancing the solubility of the drug by employing hydrogen bond forming compounds in 1:4 to 4:1 ratio and enhancing the stability with the help of polar organic solvents and polymers. The hydrogen compounds are selected from alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, alkyl-sarcosinates, anionic pegylated dimethicone derivatives, anionic oleyl ether surfactants, anionic laureth ether surfactants, cyclic acids, and cyclic acidic sugars. The organic solvent is selected from aprotic solvents, cyclic alcohols, short chain liquid alcohols, diols, triols, esters, ethers, pharmaceutical oils, and silicones, whereas polymer is chosen from cellulose derivatives, methacrylic acid copolymers, carbomers, pyrrolidone-containing polymers, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers and polyvinyl alcohols. However, due to the failure of the applicant to file the request for examination, the application was deemed to be withdrawn [78].