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Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
The story of the discovery of aspirin stretches back more than 3,500 years ago when bark from the willow tree was used as a pain reliever and antipyretic (303). Salicylic acid is a secondary metabolite synthetized in the barks and leaves from the willow or sallow tree, a medicinal and ornamental plant. Salicylic acid was first isolated from willow bark in 1828 by Buchner, then refined by Leroux in 1829 and crystallized by Piria in 1838. In 1852, the French chemist Charles Gerhardt (1816–1856) was the first to modify salicylic acid with the introduction of an acetyl group in place of a hydroxyl group, to produce acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin for the first time (303). Rapidly absorbed from the intestine, the pro-drug Aspirin is broken down by hydrolysis in the body to liberate its active compound, salicylic acid. Aspirin is now used as an antipyretic, analgesic, antiplatelet, and anti-inflammatory agent, and has recently been used to prevent stroke and heart attack.
Acne, rosacea, and similar disorders
Published in Rashmi Sarkar, Anupam Das, Sumit Sethi, Concise Dermatology, 2021
Benzoyl peroxide (2.5–10.0%) is quite effective and is used as a cream, gel, or lotion. Its prime action is as an antibacterial agent but it also has some comedolytic action. It is quite irritating and causes some pinkness, scaling, and soreness. Combination of other antibiotics with benzoyl peroxide reduces the chances of development of antibiotic resistance.Other topical preparationsAzelaic acid: it is a natural dicarboxylic acid with comedolytic, antimicrobial, and mild anti-inflammatory action. Due to its inhibitory effect on tyrosinase, it is also useful in improving post-acne pigmentation. It is available as a 15% gel and 20% cream.Salicylic acid: in patients who are not able to tolerate topical retinoids, topical salicylic acid (0.5–2%) gel can be used as an alternative comedolytic agent.
Drugs in pregnancy and lactation
Published in Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara, Paediatric Clinical Pharmacology, 2021
Evelyne Jacqz-Aigrain, Imti Choonara
Non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents are inhibitors of prostanoid synthesis by acting on both COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes. They are primarily administered during pregnancy and the perinatal period for the following reasons: 1) acetyl salicylic acid is currently administered to prevent idiopathic fetal growth retardation of vascular origin [41], and 2) indomethacin is prescribed to try to stop premature labor and to reduce polyhydramnios [42–44].
Development of novel salicylic acid–donepezil–rivastigmine hybrids as multifunctional agents for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Yi Zhou, Ying He, Xue Teng, Jing Mi, Jing Yang, Rongrui Wei, Wenmin Liu, Qinge Ma, Zhenghuai Tan, Zhipei Sang
Salicylic acid (SA) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug found mainly in vegetables and fruits. The study shows that SA exhibits weak anticholinesterase activity (IC50 = 346.0 μM)13. As we all known, 1-benzylpiperidine of donepezil is the key pharmacophore, which has been applied for the development of novel ChEs inhibitors4,14. In our previous work, 1-benzylpiperidine has been introduced into SA to develop as BuChE inhibitor15. In addition, rivastigmine is an FDA-approved dual AChE/BuChE inhibitor and the carbamate fragment is the pharmacophore, and many selective BuChE inhibitors have been developed by introducing carbamate fragment16–19. Therefore, based on the SA skeleton, novel SA–donepezil–rivastigmine hybrids were designed and synthesised by the simultaneous introduction of benzylpiperidine and carbamate fragments (Figure 1), hoping the optimised compounds possess multiple properties including BuChE inhibition, anti-inflammation, and neuroprotective effects.
Efficacy of 30% azelaic acid peel in the nonpharmacological treatment of facial acne
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2021
Anna Szymańska, Elzbieta Budzisz, Anna Erkiert-Polguj
Normalization of hair follicle keratinization reduces the risk of sebaceous pus formation, which directly affects the reduction of primary acne changes. This type of activity is also demonstrated by chemical peels containing glycolic or salicylic acid. Preparations based on the latter are most frequently selected for mild to moderate acne. In the studies conducted by Lee et al., the use of peel containing 30% salicylic acid reduced the number of inflammatory and noninflammatory lesions in the majority of patients. However, in this case no statistically significant differences in the measurement of sebum secretion were observed (23). In our own study, apart from the statistically significant (p < .01) reduction in acne lesions and the severity of the disease according to the IGA scale, there was also a statistically significant (p < .01) reduction in the amount of secreted sebum. Additionally, salicylic acid caused dryness and exfoliation of the treated areas (24). In our own study, such side-effects were not observed.
Successful treatment of primary cutaneous localized amyloidosis with a combined therapy of ablative fractionated CO2 laser, topical retinoid, corticosteroids and levovitamin C: Five cases with two-year follow-up
Published in Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy, 2021
Yao-Jia Luo, Xing-Hua Gao, Hong-Duo Chen, Yuan-Hong Li
A fractionated CO2 laser (Lumenis Inc, Santa Clara, CA) was used, with a specific setting of Active Mode, 100mJ fluence, Shape 1, Size 7, Density 3 and a frequency of 600Hz. The topical medications used were 0.05% retinoid (Tretinoin Cream, Chongqing Huapont Pharmacy, China), Fluticasone Propionate Cream (Cutivate Oint, Glaxo Operations UK limited, Druham, UK), Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Gel (Guilin Pavay Gene Pharmaceutical Co., Guilin, China) and 23.8% Levovitamin C (C`smax, Sega, USA). All topical medications were applied on the laser treated area immediately after the treatment. These medications were required to be used twice a day for two weeks, and topical salicylic acid moisture was required for the two weeks leading up to the next treatment and the follow-up at the hospital during the one-month interval.