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Cationic Surfactants and Quaternary Derivatives for Hair and Skin Care
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Matthew F. Jurczyk, David T. Floyd, Burghard H. Grüning
Cationic emulsifiers do play an important role and can offer specialized benefits for cosmetic and pharmaceutical formulators. For instance, Papadakis describes the preparation of systems based on quaternized phosphate esters, such as linoleamidopropyl PG-dimonium chloride phosphate. These formulas display exceptional stability at acidic pH conditions and may be used in the preparation of cosmetics containing alpha-hydroxy acids (101). Zeigler notes that it is possible to prepare exceptionally mild, freeze-thaw-stable systems using combinations of quaternary ammonium functionalized phosphate esters together with cationic polysaccharides (102).
Retinoids in Keratinization Disorders
Published in Ayse Serap Karadag, Berna Aksoy, Lawrence Charles Parish, Retinoids in Dermatology, 2019
This condition is characterized by annular erythematous and scaly lesions that vary in size, shape, and distribution within hours or days. Predilection sites include the facial region, buttocks, arms, and legs. The mucosal regions, scalp, and nails are not involved. General health is good. Disease may recur periodically. The lesions may become less prominent with age. Topical moisturizer ointments and keratolytic agents, such as salicylic acid and alpha-hydroxy acid in petrolatum, topical calcipotriol, and oral retinoids, have been used with favorable results. Topical retinoids including retinoic acid and tazarotene, and oral retinoids such as vitamin A, etretinate, isotretinoin, and acitretin, have been used with good to excellent results. The use of high-dose 1.3 mg/kg/day isotretinoin resulted in flattening of hyperkeratotic plaques. Isotretinoin can also be administered as a low-dose (0.5 mg/kg/day) regimen (20–23).
Non-Surgical Rejuvenation of the Ageing Face
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Lydia Badia, Peter Andrews, Sajjad Rajpar
Alpha hydroxy acids, in particular glycolic acid (GA), are commonly used superficial chemical peeling agents. GA peels in concentration ranging from 20% to 70% have been shown to be effective in reducing facial hyperpigmentation and fine lines/wrinkles.18 Salicylic acid peels have a similar profile, and may be more beneficial for acne-prone skin.19
QSAR study of antituberculosis activity of oxadiazole derivatives using DFT calculations
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2022
Sharieh Hosseini, Sepideh Ketabi, Golnar Hasheminasab
Oxadiazoles are a class of heterocyclic aromatic chemical compounds. For the synthesis of new therapeutic compounds, oxadiazoles are at the center of researches attention. 1,3,4 oxadiazoles have special importance due to their significant biological properties, such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-Tb, and anti-cancer, Moreover, Oxadiazole derivatives have many applications in biology. Therefore, they can be a good alternative for antimicrobial drugs [7–10]. Oxadiazole is one of the structures considered by researchers for the synthesis of new therapeutic compounds. Mandelic acid is an alpha hydroxy acid used to treat urinary tract and skin infections [10–13]. Due to the significant antimicrobial effects of many derivatives of 1, 3, and 4 oxadiazoles and Mandelic acid, several hybrid structures derived from 1, 3, and 4 oxadiazole and the benzyl ethyl mandelate group were designed and synthesized and their antibacterial and antifungal activity was investigated. Oxadiazole derivatives have many biological applications and can be a good alternative to antimicrobial drugs [14].
Portulaca oleracea extract relieves skin barrier damage induced by increased photosensitivity after GA peeling
Published in Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology, 2022
Jing Wei, Qianghua Quan, Peiyu Wang, Yiming Wang, Tong Huo, Quan An
There are different kinds of acids used in chemical peeling, and alpha hydroxy acids (AHAs) are the most common. AHAs are natural substances extracted from various fruits, cane, yogurt, etc. In 1974, Scott and Yu1 reported that some AHAs have antikeratinogenic properties in patients with several types of ichthyosis. AHAs accelerate the shedding of stratum corneum cells by reducing adhesion and activating steroid sulfatase and serine proteases to degrade desmosomes, thereby speeding up the skin's metabolism2. In addition, their moisturizing and antioxidant properties have been described3. Besides epidermal effects, AHAs evoke dermal changes. Kim et al.4 performed in vitro studies using cultured human skin fibroblasts and showed a dose-dependent increase in cell proliferation and collagen production. The effect on fibroblast proliferation is also documented in other literature5,6. Owing to these characteristics, AHAs can be used for the treatment of ichthyosis, keratosis, scars, rosacea, chloasma, and other pigmentation diseases7. AHAs have been used as therapeutic agents for nearly half a century and are still commonly used8,9. Glycolic acid (GA), an AHA that is mainly extracted from sugarcane, has the smallest molecular weight among AHAs and is the most commonly used chemical peeling agent because of its permeability10,11.
Actinic keratosis and imiquimod: a review of novel carriers and patents
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 2019
Mandeep Sharma, Gajanand Sharma, Bhupinder Singh, O.P. Katare
Winkle and Osborne had filled a patent application for imiquimod formulations. The patent disclosed the method of enhancing the solubility of the drug by employing hydrogen bond forming compounds in 1:4 to 4:1 ratio and enhancing the stability with the help of polar organic solvents and polymers. The hydrogen compounds are selected from alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, alkyl-sarcosinates, anionic pegylated dimethicone derivatives, anionic oleyl ether surfactants, anionic laureth ether surfactants, cyclic acids, and cyclic acidic sugars. The organic solvent is selected from aprotic solvents, cyclic alcohols, short chain liquid alcohols, diols, triols, esters, ethers, pharmaceutical oils, and silicones, whereas polymer is chosen from cellulose derivatives, methacrylic acid copolymers, carbomers, pyrrolidone-containing polymers, polyoxyethylene/polyoxypropylene block copolymers and polyvinyl alcohols. However, due to the failure of the applicant to file the request for examination, the application was deemed to be withdrawn [78].