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Bowel disorders
Published in Henry J. Woodford, Essential Geriatrics, 2022
Glycerin and bisacodyl suppositories are available. Bisacodyl has a local stimulatory effect on bowel contractions. The suppositories have an effect in around 10–15 minutes.12 Glycerin has an osmotic action, drawing water into the stools.
Carbohydrate-Lipid Interactions in Pregnancy
Published in Emilio Herrera, Robert H. Knopp, Perinatal Biochemistry, 2020
Emilio Herrera, Miguel Angel Lasunción, Antonia Martín, Antonio Zorzano
The second conclusion that may be reached from our experiment on in vivo gluconeogenesis in late-pregnant rats is that the most efficient in its conversion into glucose of the three substrates studied is glycerol. This conclusion is not surprising since, as shown in Figure 3, unlike the pathways for the other substrates, this pathway from glycerol up to glucose does not require intramitochondrial steps. This, together with the high glycerokinase activity in liver and kidney cortex14 and the physicochemical characteristics of glycerol which may contribute to its short half-life, allow this metabolite to be rapidly converted into glucose,5 thus becoming an efficient gluconeogenic substrate in pregnancy where its circulating level is enhanced. The enhanced use of glycerol as an efficient alternative gluconeogenic substrate in pregnancy is even seen in the fed condition where the use of other substrates is, however, unchanged.15,16
Humectants in Personal Care Formulation: A Practical Guide
Published in Randy Schueller, Perry Romanowski, Conditioning Agents for Hair and Skin, 2020
Sorbitol exhibits the best dynamic hygroscopicity of the humectants, although it has somewhat lower equilibrium hygroscopicity than other materials. The skin feel of sorbitol is soft and nongreasy, with very little tackiness. This makes the use of sorbitol as an emollient possible, especially in systems where there is a high-viscosity and heavier body. It is often used as a cost-effective substitute for glycerin in creams and lotions. Sorbitol is not used as an "antifreeze" in personal care formulations, as glycerin and propylene glycol are.
Ethylcellulose-stabilized fat-tissue phantom for quality assurance in clinical hyperthermia
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2023
Mattia De Lazzari, Anna Ström, Laura Farina, Nuno P. Silva, Sergio Curto, Hana Dobšíček Trefná
The use of the polymer ethylcellulose (EC) as a net-forming agent together with edible oils has been proven to have several applications, for instance, in the food [29] and pharmaceutical [30] fields. In the ethylcellulose oleogel-based fat phantom, we mixed canola oil with glycerol to achieve the appropriate dielectric properties. Canola oil, like most vegetable oils, has both low relative permittivity of about 4 and low conductivity of about 0.02 S/m in the 10 MHz to 1 GHz range [31–34]. Glycerol is a polyol compound that finds applications in the food and cosmetics industry due to its nontoxicity and bacteria resistance. As assessed by Meany et al. [35], pure glycerol has permittivity around εr = 40 for frequencies below 1 GHz. Above 1 GHz, its permittivity decreases and stabilizes around εr = 9. Its conductivity exhibits moderate values reaching σ = 0.5 S/m for frequencies below 1 GHz.
An overview of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists as a treatment option for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2023
Karolina Merecz, Mikołaj Hirsa, Olga Biniszewska, Jakub Fichna, Aleksandra Tarasiuk
A randomized clinical trial conducted in 1996 involving 50 patients was designed to assess the effects of glycerol on colonic motility and tone in IBS patients and their modulation by several compounds including granisetron. The patients were divided into five groups, one of which was a placebo group. In the granisetron group, patients were administered the drug (3 mg) 30 minutes before the glycerol injection. The collected data showed that no difference could be observed between placebo and granisetron in the context of rectocolonic reflex induced by rectal glycerol administration. According to the authors of the study, this may be due to the fact that the afferent pathways activated by chemical irritation of the mucosa by glycerol may be different from those activated by mechanical distention, or the glycerol-triggered rectocolonic reflex may involve only the musculo-intestinal loop without the involvement of the colonic extraintestinal nerves [45].
Effect of antibiotic pretreatment on bacterial engraftment after Fecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) in IBS-D
Published in Gut Microbes, 2022
Prashant Singh, Eric J Alm, John M. Kelley, Vivian Cheng, Mark Smith, Zain Kassam, Judy Nee, Johanna Iturrino, Anthony Lembo
FMT consisted of a single dose of 19 capsules with each pill consisting of 0.75 g of frozen fecal filtrate (OpenBiome, Somerville, Ma). After visual inspection and weighing, stool was transferred under aerobic conditions to a sterile 330 μm filter bag, diluted in a sterile, US Pharmacopoeia-grade glycerol saline solution (12.5% glycerol in 0.90% w/v NaCl in water), and fully homogenized while still in the filter bag using a paddle blender for at least 180 seconds. During this process, fibrous material remains on one side of the filter while bacteria, small molecules, and water are pressed to the other side of the filter. Each FMT preparation was derived using filtrate from a single donor; filtrates from different donors were never mixed. Capsules were made from six donors and same six donors were used for all three groups. All three groups received FMT from six donors. Placebo consisted of 19 capsules containing glycerol with brown coloring agent. FMT or placebo was administered after undergoing magnesium citrate-based bowel cleanse the day before. FMT or placebo capsules were taken under direct supervision at the Division of Gastroenterology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA, where the study visits took place. The identity of the capsules was unknown to participants, researchers and primary investigators.