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Aquatic Plants Native to America
Published in Namrita Lall, Aquatic Plants, 2020
Bianca D. Fibrich, Jacqueline Maphutha, Carel B. Oosthuizen, Danielle Twilley, Khan-Van Ho, Chung-Ho Lin, Leszek P. Vincent, T. N. Shilpa, N. P. Deepika, B. Duraiswamy, S. P. Dhanabal, Suresh M. Kumar, Namrita Lall
The authors/inventors of a patent have reported the isolation of several pharmaceutically relevant compounds from the Salvinia genus. No mention has been made regarding which compound/s were isolated from specific species. Some of the compounds included 3-methoxycoumarin, asiaticin, cucurbic acid, ferruginol, and β-sitosterol (Figure 4.43) (Li et al. 2016).
Conversion of Natural Products from Renewable Resources in Pharmaceuticals by Cytochromes P450
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2019
Giovanna Di Nardo, Gianfranco Gilardi
The yeast heterologous expression, in general, is the best candidate for heterologous expression of plant CYPs, as demonstrated also by the case of a diterpenes, ferruginol, that showed anti-inflammatory and antitumoral activities (Bispo de Jesus et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2011; Ho et al., 2015; Yang et al., 2017). The coexpression in S. cerevisiae of CYP76AH1 from Salvia miltiorrhiza and a phyto-CYP reductase allowed the production of 10.5 mg/L (Guo et al., 2013).
Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants
Published in James A. Duke, Handbook of Phytochemical Constituents of GRAS Herbs and Other Economic Plants, 2017
“Forskohl’s Coleus”7BETA-ACETOXY-6BETA,9ALPHA-DIHYDROXY-8,13-EPOXY-LABD-14-EN-11-ONE PC29:821BARBATUSIN PL ABSBARBATUSOL LF RAACOLEOL PC29:821COLEONS PL JSGCOLEONOLS TU EB41:474COLEOSOL PL JSGCYCLOBUTATUSIN LF RAADEACETYL-FORSKOHLIN PC29:82120-DEOXOCARNOSOL ST PC23:16779-DEOXYFORSKOHLIN PC29:8211,9-DIDEOXY-7-DEACETYL-FORSKOHLIN PC29:8211,9-DIDEOXYFORSKOHLIN PC29:8218,13-EPOXY-LABD-14-EN-11-ONE PL PC29:821(+)-FERRUGINOL LF RAAFORSKOLIN 4,630 TU EB41:4746BETA-HYDROXY-CARNOSOL LF RAA3BETA-HYDROXY-3-DEOXYBARBATUSIN LF EB41:4746BETA-HYDROXY-8,13-EPOXY-LABD-14-EN-11-ONE PL PC29:8216BETA,7BETA,9ALPHA-TRIHYDROXY-8,13-EPOXY-LABD-14-EN-1l-ONE PL PC29:821
Targeting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in neurodegenerative diseases: recent approaches and current challenges
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2020
Annalucia Serafino, Daniela Giovannini, Simona Rossi, Mauro Cozzolino
Andrographolide is a labdane diterpenoid isolated from the stem and leaves of Andrographis paniculata, an annual herbaceous plant that has been traditionally used as a natural remedy for inflammatory processes in China and India, with no apparent side effects [189]. A few years ago it has been demonstrated that andrographolide activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and induces transcription of Wnt target genes, by directly inhibiting GSK-3β through a substrate-competitive mechanism [163]. Based on these results, andrographolide has been proposed as a potential drug for the treatment of Wnt-related diseases also including neurodegenerative disorders. In addition to andrographolide, other three diterpenes found in medicinal plants and that have been recently proposed as neuroprotective for neurodegenerative diseases are ferruginol, jatrophone, and junicedric acid [190]. Specifically, these three natural compounds induce an increase in calcium levels coupled to Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation, with inhibition of GSK-3β activity and increment of β-catenin levels, resulting in protection against Aβ oligomers-induced neurodegenerative modifications. This makes these three nature-derived compounds interesting molecules to take into account for developing new treatments for AD.
Study of the mechanism of action, molecular docking, and dynamics of anticancer terpenoids from Salvia lachnocalyx
Published in Journal of Receptors and Signal Transduction, 2020
Hossein Hadavand Mirzaei, Amir Reza Jassbi, Somayeh Pirhadi, Omidreza Firuzi
Further literature survey shows that induction of apoptosis is one of the mechanisms suggested to be involved in the anticancer effect of isolated terpenoids in several cancer cells [25,26]. Taxodione, ferruginol, and 6-hydroxysalvinolone with abietane diterpenoid skeleton caused cancer cell death by apoptosis induction as shown by DNA fragmentation, increased cells in sub-G1 phase, expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved PARP [27]. Moreover, Burmistrova and colleagues have evaluated the induction of apoptosis by four abietane diterpenoids including taxodone, 7α-acetoxy-6β-benzoyloxy-12-O-benzoylroyleanone, 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxy-12-O-(4-methoxy)benzoylroyleanone, and 7α-acetoxy-6β-hydroxy-12-O-(4-chloro) benzoylroyleanone in HL-60 cells. The results showed that apoptosis induction in human leukemia cells was triggered by the release of mitochondrial proteins, including cytochrome c, Smac/DIABLO, and AIF (apoptosis-inducing factor), and also accompanied by dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). Their findings also showed that the induction of apoptosis by these compounds was independent of ROS generation [28]. Another study has demonstrated that ketoethiopinone and ortho-diacetate aethiopinone inhibit the proliferation of the MCF-7 cells by inducing apoptosis and DNA fragmentation [29]. Finally, sclareol, with a labdane type diterpenoid structure, has shown to induce apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells through both loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and G1 cell cycle arrest [30].
Column chromatography and HPLC analysis of phenolic compounds in the fractions of Salvinia molesta mitchell
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2018
A major study conducted in S. molesta by Li et al. [23] using bioactivity guided fractionation of ethanol extract yielded 50 compounds, including 17 abietane diterpenes (1, 17–22), nine phenolics (2–4, 29–32, 49 and 50), five fatty acids (24–28), five triterpenes (35–39), four apocarotenoids (42–45), two acyclic sesquiterpenoids (6 and 23), two monoterpenes (5 and 46), two jasmonates (33 and 34), two steroids (40 and 41) and two coumarins (47 and 48). All the abietane diterpenes were isolated from S. molesta for the first time, and out of the 6 compounds, (1–6), salviniol (1) was a rare abietane diterpene with new ferruginol-menthol coupled skeleton and both salviniside I (2) and salviniside II (3) were novel benzofuran glucose conjugates with unique 10-membered macrodiolide structures. Another study has shown that naringinin was the major phenolic compound present in acetone: methanol (1:1) extract of S. molesta which was identified and quantified by HPLC followed by myricetin along with rutin, epicatechin, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol and vanillin. These compounds were also found to have free radical scavenging potential [24].