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Face Masks and Hand Sanitizers
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Shahzad Sharif, Mahnoor Zahid, Maham Saeed, Izaz Ahmad, M. Zia-Ul-Haq, Rizwan Ahmad
As copper oxide has the ability of possessing the anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities so it was impregnated on a respiratory mask to provide safety from the droplets containing the virus. The efficacy determined with both copper oxide and control surgical masks was the same for human influenza A-virus and avian influenza-virus also known as H1N1 and H9N2, respectively. The modifications in the mask displayed zero viral retention for H1N1 and 5 times lesser than control face-masks for avian influenza virus (AIV).
Plantago ovata (Isabgol) and Rauvolfia serpentina (Indian Snakeroot)
Published in Azamal Husen, Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 2022
Ankur Anavkar, Nimisha Patel, Ahmad Ali, Hina Alim
Plant leaf extract acts as the capping agent of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesized nanoparticles have 31.43% of silver weight. The AgNPs have antibacterial activity against both classes of bacteria (gram-positive and gram-negative). The synthesized AgNPs have antifungal activity against pathogenic fungus, e.g., A. niger and C. albicans. These nanoparticles also have larvicidal activity against Culex quinquefasciatus. The AgNPs also showed cytotoxicity toward cell lines of cervical (HeLa) and breast (MCF-7) cancers (Panja et al., 2016). Synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) was done using aqueous leaf extract of the plant. These synthesized CuO NPs showed antibacterial activity. The CuO NPs effectively degraded the carcinogenic dye trypan blue in the presence of UV or sunlight. Thus, the use of plant extracts in synthesizing nanoparticles and further biological applications of the synthesized nanoparticles should be studied (Lingaraju et al., 2015).
Cancer Nanotheranostics
Published in Richard L. K. Glover, Daniel Nyanganyura, Rofhiwa Bridget Mulaudzi, Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Green Synthesis in Nanomedicine and Human Health, 2021
Maluta Steven Mufamadi, Marian Jiya John, Mpho Phehello Ngoepe, Palesa Rose Sekhejane
Phytonanotechnology or green bionanotechnology involves metallic nanoparticle synthesis using phytochemicals extracted from plant extracts and biomolecules as a green synthesis method. The utilized metals and/or metal oxides include silver, gold, titanium, iron, zinc, copper, zinc oxide and copper oxide (Patra and Baek, 2014; Barabadi et al., 2017; Nagajyothi et al., 2017; Umar et al., 2019). This eco-friendly biosynthetic procedure promises to offer the next generation of cancer therapy that are effective and inexpensive with minimal toxicity (Aromal and Philip, 2012; Barabadi et al., 2017; Mufamadi and Mulaudzi, 2019; Mufamadi et al., 2019). The unique structural, therapeutic and optical properties of silver and gold nanomaterials make them suitable candidates for cancer nanotheranostics applications (Pietro et al., 2016). The aim of this chapter is to understand the weaknesses and strengths of green bionanotechnology in cancer theranostics. This chapter will highlight the recent research advances related to plant-mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles for early detection of cancer, therapy and theranostics. This chapter will also look at the opportunities and challenges of using different plant sources as enabling tools towards the production of safer metallic nanoparticles for cancer treatment, imaging and nanotheranostics.
X-ray spectrometry imaging and chemical speciation assisting to understand the toxic effects of copper oxide nanoparticles on zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2022
Joyce Ribeiro Santos-Rasera, Rafael Giovanini de Lima, Dejane Santos Alves, Regina Teresa Rosim Monteiro, Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho
Copper is a micronutrient for plants, humans, and other animals. In biochemical reactions, copper can change between Cu2+ and Cu+ in enzymes and electron transporters catalyzing oxide reduction reactions involving oxygen (Lippard and Berg 1994). Nanoparticulate forms of copper are used in a variety of good such as paints, cosmetics, bioactive coatings, nanofluids, electronics, textile sector, and food packaging (Miller and Senjen 2008; Buffet et al. 2013; Hemmat Esfe, Bahiraei, and Mir 2020; Motelica et al. 2020). Recently, its applications in modern nanomedicine have also been intensively investigated (Alphandéry 2020; Chattopadhyay 2020; Dong et al. 2020). Hence, if these products are not properly discarded, nanoparticles may end up in the environment. The effect of copper oxide nanoparticles (nCuO) on the environment is still little explored, however toxic have been reported at several trophic levels, for example, invertebrates (Buffet et al. 2011; Volland et al. 2018), protozoa (Mortimer, Kasemets, and Kahru 2010; Rusakova et al. 2015), bacteria (Baek and An 2011; Sagadevan et al. 2019; Thakur et al. 2020) and yeasts (Kasemets et al. 2009; Sharmin et al. 2017).
MMP-3 activation is involved in copper oxide nanoparticle-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human lung epithelial cells
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Yuanbao Zhang, Yiqun Mo, Jiali Yuan, Yue Zhang, Luke Mo, Qunwei Zhang
The application of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in medical and industrial fields and our daily necessities is increasing exponentially. Copper oxide nanoparticles (Nano-CuO) are one of important classes of metal oxide nanomaterials, which are widely used in a range of applications such as catalysts, solar cells, wood-protection, electronics, and antimicrobial productions due to their high surface activity, chemical stability, thermoelectric properties, and superconductivity (Bhaumik et al. 2014; Evans, Matsunaga, and Kiguchi 2008; Maqusood Ahamed et al. 2014; Ren et al. 2009; Tal Ben-Moshe 2009). They are also used in inks as an additive and in food packages as a coating material (Longano et al. 2012; Soltani et al. 2016). It is estimated that the global production of Nano-CuO by the year of 2025 will be 1600 tons (Future Markets Inc. 2015; Ilves et al. 2019). With the huge usage of Nano-CuO, there are growing concerns for potential detrimental effects on humans and the environment.
Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway with copper oxide nanoparticles from Houttuynia cordata plant: attenuating the proliferation of cervical cancer cells
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2021
Hongmin Chen, Xiaojie Feng, Ling Gao, Suresh Mickymaray, Anand Paramasivam, Faiz Abdulaziz Alfaiz, Hussain A. Almasmoum, Mazen M. Ghaith, Riyad A. Almaimani, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
Traditional medicines are potent alternatives for allopathy drugs which render hilarious side effects. Chinese and Indian traditional medicinal practices used various plant sources to treat numerous ailments without causing side effects. Houttuynia cordata is one such herb present throughout South East Asia, China and Japan proven to possess various pharmacological properties such as antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, etc. [16–24]. The major drawback of phytochemicals to prescribe as drug is its bioavailability. Therefore, in the present we utilized nanotechnology to formulate a phyto based nanodrug to treat cervical cancer. Copper oxide nanoparticles are proven to effectively target various types of cancer cells and induce apoptosis [25]. Copper nanoparticles are cost effective and it is a potent alternative for other metal based nanoparticles such as gold, silver, platinum and lead [26].