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Effects of Food Processing, Storage, and Cooking on Nutrients in Plant-Based Foods
Published in Nicole M. Farmer, Andres Victor Ardisson Korat, Cooking for Health and Disease Prevention, 2022
Nixtamalization is a traditional process developed in Mexico and Central America. To prepare corn following this process, corn first is soaked overnight and then cooked in an alkaline solution made with lime (calcium hydroxide) and then washed and hulled. The resulting product, the nixtamal, is the starting ingredient to make tamales, corn tortillas, and tortilla chips. Several chemical changes take place during the nixtamalization process because of the increased pH produced by the calcium hydroxide. Several pigments in corn including carotenoids and anthocyanins produce more intense colors in the alkaline pH environment. The alkaline environment degrades the plant cell wall material, allowing the outer layer, or pericarp, to be removed (Figure 2.15).
Pulp Therapy for Primary Teeth
Published in M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson, Restorative Techniques in Paediatric Dentistry, 2021
M S Duggal, M E J Curzon, S A Fayle, K J Toumba, A J Robertson
Calcium hydroxide, used extensively for permanent teeth, has been evaluated as a possible alternative to formocresol for primary teeth. The success rates reported for pulpotomies performed with calcium hydroxide have consistently been poor (around 60%) compared with those of formocresol, which are as high as 98% in some investigations. The most frequent cause of failure when calcium hydroxide is used isextensive internal resorption below the amputation site. Its use in the pulp treatment of primary teeth is therefore contraindicated at present.
Nanotechnology and Delivery System for Bioactive Antibiofilm Dental Materials
Published in Mary Anne S. Melo, Designing Bioactive Polymeric Materials for Restorative Dentistry, 2020
Jin Xiao, Yuan Liu, Marlise I. Klein, Anna Nikikova, Yanfang Ren
Antimicrobial irrigating solutions and other locally used disinfecting agents and medications play a key role in the eradication of microbes. Ideal root canal irrigants should have high efficacy against microorganisms in biofilms while being systemically non-toxic and non-caustic to periodontal tissues (Penick and Osetek 1970). Although current irrigation regimens using sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity, caustic and toxic effects to vital tissues are often noted. Calcium hydroxide and CHX have also been widely used for root canal therapy due to their excellent biological and antimicrobial activities. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the antimicrobial efficacy of calcium hydroxide varies depending on its location in the root canal and is compromised by the buffering effect of dentin, the resistance of E. faecalis to the hydroxyl ion, and its low solubility and diffusibility (Evans et al. 2002, Haapasalo et al. 2007). The fact that CHX is inactivated by physiological salts and has limited ability to penetrate the deep layers of biofilms also limits its use as an intracanal medicament (Portenier et al. 2002).
Physico-chemical and antimicrobial properties and the shelf life of experimental endodontic sealers containing metal methacrylates
Published in Biofouling, 2020
Victoria Burmann da Silva Guimarães, Andressa da Silva Barboza, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Tiago Collares, Thaís Larré Oliveira, Anderson Schwingel Ribeiro, Meibel Teixeira Lisboa, Fernanda Geraldo Pappen, Rafael Guerra Lund
The clinical importance of the formation of calcium hydroxide during the setting of endodontic materials has been emphasized repeatedly in the literature (Maeno et al. 2005). Calcium ions activate a series of signaling pathways associated with mineralization (Duarte et al. 2009; Peng et al. 2011), and hydroxide ions create an alkaline environment responsible for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity (Holland et al. 2002; Shen et al. 2010). Therefore, the cumulative effect of Ca2+ on ECs over the 30-day period can work in parallel with the tendency of the pH to rise. Unfortunately, according to Braga and About (2019), a dose-response relationship between calcium release and mineral recovery is still to be established. Hence, the required calcium concentrations necessary to achieve better remineralization of periapical tissues still need to be established to give this important subject full consideration.
Orthodontic management of a non-vital immature tooth treated with regenerative endodontics: a case report
Published in Journal of Orthodontics, 2018
Zynab Jawad, Claire Bates, Mandeep Duggal, Hani Nazzal
Traditionally, calcium hydroxide apexification has been used in managing these teeth, however, the long-term use of calcium hydroxide has been shown to result in denaturation of dentinal portions and reduction in dentine modulus of elasticity leading to cervical root fractures (Cvek 1992; Al-Jundi 2004; Twati et al. 2009). The use of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) in creating a physical barrier against which root canals can be obturated is currently considered the gold standard in managing these teeth (Chala et al. 2011), however, despite the good success in the short to medium terms, currently there are no long-term data on the success of this technique (Chala et al. 2011; Nazzal and Duggal 2017; Tong et al. 2017). Both these techniques have a fundamental problem in that although they allow root canal obturation, they do not contribute to any quantitative or qualitative increase in root dimensions, therefore, they are mainly useful in those teeth with a minimum of half root length formation (Nazzal and Duggal 2017). Non-vital immature teeth with less than half root length formation pose a huge challenge with very poor short and long-term prognosis (Nazzal and Duggal 2017).
Cost-effectiveness of pulp capping and root canal treatment of young permanent teeth
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2019
Joséphine Brodén, Thomas Davidson, Helena Fransson
One randomized controlled trial included in the systematic review compared the effect of calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate on the clinical success rate of partial pulpotomy treatment in permanent molars. The reported outcomes were 91% success for calcium hydroxide and 93% for mineral trioxide aggregate, the sample size of 51 patients was insufficient to detect a difference in treatment effect [24]. A systematic review from 2017 on different materials for direct pulp capping concluded that there is insufficient data to recommend the use of a specific material for pulp capping [37].