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Environmental Toxins and Cardiovascular Disease
Published in Stephen T. Sinatra, Mark C. Houston, Nutritional and Integrative Strategies in Cardiovascular Medicine, 2022
Bisphenols are synthesized chemicals with two phenol groups and one acetone molecule. They were first researched for their estrogenic effects and later came into widespread use in the manufacturing and stabilization of plastic polymers. As the public became aware of the toxicity of BPA, manufacturers substituted it with other bisphenols like BPS, BPA, and BPZ. Unfortunately, these appear as toxic as BPA.
Environmental Chemicals and Risk of Uterine Leiomyomata
Published in John C. Petrozza, Uterine Fibroids, 2020
Two replacement chemicals for BPA (bisphenol S and bisphenol F) have been introduced to the market and are now part of the latest phenols panel that can be assayed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Environmental toxicants on Leydig cell function
Published in C. Yan Cheng, Spermatogenesis, 2018
Leping Ye, Xiaoheng Li, Xiaomin Chen, Qingquan Lian, Ren-Shan Ge
Bisphenols are a group of compounds with two hydroxyphenyl groups. The most abundantly produced bisphenol is bisphenol A (BPA). BPA is used to make certain plastics and epoxy resins. A human can be exposed to BPA via various sources such as indoor air, dust ingestion, and food.129 Human urine samples had significant levels of BPA with 95% detection.130–132 Men had higher BPA levels (1.49 ng/mL) than women (0.64 ng/mL), possibly because of androgen-related metabolism of BPA.133
The effects of bisphenols on the cardiovascular system
Published in Critical Reviews in Toxicology, 2022
Patrícia Dias, Václav Tvrdý, Eduard Jirkovský, Marija Sollner Dolenc, Lucija Peterlin Mašič, Přemysl Mladěnka
Bisphenols are synthetic compounds used frequently in industry to produce polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins lining food and beverage cans, and are used as flame retardants, in dental sealants, thermal paper, cigarette filters and other daily use products such as compact discs, etc. (Staples et al. 1998; Vandenberg et al. 2007, 2010). Depolymerisation of these products and traces of unreacted bisphenols from manufacturing processes cause bisphenols to leach into the environment, food, beverages, and even infant formula (Brotons et al. 1995). Literally, bisphenols are detectable worldwide in the environment, food, drinking water, sewages, animal or human blood, and urine samples. Studies and meta-analysis revealed bisphenols in all world regions, even in rural parts in Africa, with higher levels in industrial regions (Karalius et al. 2014; Zhu et al. 2019; Colorado-Yohar et al. 2021; Rotimi et al. 2021; Catenza et al. 2021).
Evaluation of curcuma and ginger mixture ability to prevent ROS production induced by bisphenol S: an in vitro study
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Valeria Pasciu, Elena Baralla, Maria Vittoria Varoni, Maria Piera Demontis
Bisphenols (BPs) represent a large group of anthropogenic chemicals, considered ‘emerging’ contaminants, known for their ability to mimic endogenous compounds and to affect different systems in animals and humans. Between this class of compounds, bisphenol A (BPA) has been used since 1957 and it exists ubiquitously in the environment (Qiu et al. 2019). Because of its known and well-studied estrogenic activity, different regulatory agencies all around the world, have banned its use in baby bottles production (Huang et al. 2012). These limitations, have led manufacturers to replace it with other structurally similar bisphenols. Between them, bisphenol S (BPS) has been increasingly used in several products and, its widespread use is confirmed by its presence in different environmental matrices (Song et al. 2014) as well as in biological ones (Ye et al. 2015). BPS has a longer half-life and is less biodegradable than BPA. These properties make BPS more likely to accumulate and persist in the environment (Héliès-Toussaint et al. 2014). Several studies review the toxicity of BPS at different levels: it has been proven to cause acute toxicity, endocrine distruption, immunotoxicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity and genotoxicity (Liu et al. 2017, Moreman et al. 2017, Verbanck et al. 2017, Zalmanova et al. 2017, Dong et al. 2018, Qiu et al. 2019).
Bisphenol S modulates concentrations of bisphenol A and oestradiol in female and male mice
Published in Xenobiotica, 2019
Tyler Pollock, Lucas J. Greville, Rachel E. Weaver, Marija Radenovic, Denys deCatanzaro
Bisphenols are used in the production of polycarbonate plastics that are found in many household, commercial, and medical products, including food packaging, thermal receipt paper, dental sealants, and electronics (Vandenberg et al., 2007). The ubiquitous presence of bisphenol A (BPA) (Vandenberg et al., 2010) and its actions as an endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) (Rochester, 2013; Seachrist et al., 2016; Ziv-Gal & Flaws, 2016) have led to increasing concerns by researchers, regulators, and the public. This has prompted manufacturers to remove BPA from products and, in some cases, to use other bisphenol analogues. One such replacement is bisphenol S (BPS), which is found in “BPA-free” thermal paper (Liao et al., 2012c), personal care products (Liao & Kannan, 2014), and food (Liao & Kannan, 2013). BPS has been detected in surface water (Yamazaki et al., 2015), sediment (Yang et al., 2014), and indoor house dust (Liao et al., 2012b). BPS has also been measured in human urine (Liao et al., 2012a; Thayer et al., 2016) and blood serum (Thayer et al., 2016) at concentrations and detection frequencies that are comparable to those of BPA.