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Environmental Toxins
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used to make certain plastics. BPA is used in a variety of products in the home, including food/beverage storage containers, toys, and food can linings. Phthalates are chemicals used to make plastics more durable. They may also be used to help other products dissolve (such as hair sprays—allowing them to form a flexible film on hair).
Lifestyle and Diet
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
Plastics are synthetic organic polymers. They are composed of hydrocarbons that are prepared from fossil fuel (petroleum) or other products under the action of heat (214). Plastics liberate their toxic monomers, bisphenol-A (BPA) and di-(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate (DEHP), during decomposition into the environment or during contact with foods or human tissues. BPA and DEHP are well-known strong endocrine disruptors which can interfere with human hormone systems, and consequently, can engender a number of diseases such as infertility, sex deformation, retardation of brain development in children, and cancers of prostate, breast, thyroid (213). At present, BPA has been one of the first plastic materials to be recognized for its potential harm by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) (213). In response to such concerns, BPA also recently has been banned in the United States as well as in Canada and the European Union from use in infant bottles and spill-proof cups for toddlers. Do not heat or boil food in plastic containers by microwave. Replace plastic items with porcelain or glass objects. Detectable levels of bisphenol A have been found in the urine of 95% of the adult population of the United States (213).
Pregnancy
Published in Michelle Tollefson, Nancy Eriksen, Neha Pathak, Improving Women's Health Across the Lifespan, 2021
Nancy L. Eriksen, Kristi R. VanWinden, Anne Bingham, John McHugh
Endocrine disruptors including bisphenol -A (BPA) are known to have a negative impact on fertility and the future health of offspring. In utero BPA exposure influences the levels of leptin and adiponectin, increasing the risk of childhood obesity. It is also associated with an increase in anxiety, depression, and impaired memory.15 Animal studies have demonstrated epigenetic changes secondary to maternal exposure to endocrine disruptors impacting the expression of neuroendocrine genes implicated in alterations in social behavior, learning, and anxiety.15
Protective role of resveratrol and apigenin against toxic effects of bisphenol a in rat salivary gland
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2023
Yaser Said Çetin, Fikret Altındağ, Mehmet Berköz
Bisphenol A (BPA) induces carcinogenesis, reproductive toxicity, abnormal inflammatory or immune response, and the developmental disorders of the brain or nervous system through various cell signaling pathways (Murata & Kang 2018). The incidence and prevalence of oral and oropharyngeal cancers have increased over the past decade in line with the increased BPA production worldwide. Although BPA is not the only reason for this, it is considered to be among the causes (Seachrist et al.2016, Emfietzoglou et al.2019). Exposure to environmental and industrial chemicals in settings such as rubber-producing plants, hairdressing salons, beauty salons and exposure to nickel compounds have been reported to be associated with the development of salivary gland tumors (Guzzo et al.2010). The BPA molecules taken from the outside can be excreted by conjugation with various metabolites inside the cell. Acute or chronic toxicity of BPA can disrupt the balance in the cell and show effects that may impair cell homeostasis (Seachrist et al.2016, Murata & Kang 2018). Oxidative stress is considered to result from the imbalance between the production of free radicals and/or reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defenses, and this imbalance is considered to be a pathological mechanism contributing to the initiation and progression of tissue damage. BPA has been shown to cause oxidative stress by increasing oxidative products and reducing the effects of antioxidant enzymes in various cells (Beevi et al.2004).
Bisphenol A mediated histopathological, hemato-biochemical and oxidative stress in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Gulnaz Afzal, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Adil Jamal, Ghulam Mustafa, Shumaila Kiran, Riaz Hussain, Shazia Anjum, Muhammad Rafay, Abdul Ghaffar, Saba Saeed
Bisphenol A is one of the commercially highest volume chemicals produced across the globe. BPA is frequently and extensively used in industries for manufacturing of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, paper, baby bottles, dental sealants and beverage packaging. Therefore, investigation and monitoring of adverse effects of BPA is crucial to minimize its deleterious effects in public health (Akram et al.2021). In present experimental study, we observed various clinical ailments such as diarrhea, loss of body weight, ataxia, and reddish secretion around the nose, faintness and anorexia in treated rabbits. Previously similar clinical signs in rabbits exposed to BPA like poor body weight (Sadek et al.2014) and nasal discharge (Razzoli et al.2005) have been examined. Moreover, reduced body mass in mice exposed to PBA at higher levels (200 mg/kg body weight) has also been reported (Wang et al.2019). The clinical ailments observed in male rabbits in this study might be related to induction of oxidative stress and toxic effects of BPA (Abdel-Daim et al.2019, Mujahid et al.2021, Akram et al.2021).
Boswellic acid protects against Bisphenol-A and gamma radiation induced hepatic steatosis and cardiac remodelling in rats: role of hepatic PPAR-α/P38 and cardiac Calcineurin-A/NFATc1/P38 pathways
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Noura M. Thabet, Mohamed K. Abdel-Rafei, Enas M. Moustafa
In daily life, people are inevitably exposed to trace amounts of Bisphenol-A (4, 4′-isopropylidene-2-diphenol, BPA) because of its use in the production of materials that have major applications in our lives such as baby bottles, coating of food cans, microwave ovenware, reusable plastic bottles, plates, cups, goblets and food or beverage containers. BPA is an environmental chemical monomer widely used for many years in the production of materials such as polycarbonate and epoxy resins. BPA has raised concerns in relation to some human chronic diseases such as birth defects, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, liver and kidney diseases and breast cancer due to toxicity of BPA induced damage depends on induction of oxidative stress, immune dysfunction and endocrine disruption (Rezg et al.2014, Xia et al.2014). Besides, in everyday life, living organisms are exposed to ionising radiation (IR) which becomes a phenomenon–potentially increased risk for adverse human health effects. From different natural and manmade sources, wide varieties of individuals and societies are exposed to IR especially workers in the radiation field and nuclear power industry, patients undergoing routine diagnostic and/or radiotherapy procedures in addition to medical staff inadvertently exposed to some degree of radiation. IR-induced tissues damage occurs through amplified endogenous signalling and culminating of oxidative stress in a coordinate series of events that are damaging to many cellular macromolecules such as DNA, lipids and proteins (Reisz et al.2014, Thabet and Moustafa 2018).