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Monographs of fragrance chemicals and extracts that have caused contact allergy / allergic contact dermatitis
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
Farnesol is a colorless to pale yellow clear oily liquid; its odor type is floral and its odor at 100% is described as ‘mild fresh sweet linden floral angelica’ (www.thegoodscentscompany.com). In perfumery it is used to emphasize odor of sweet floral perfumes, such as lilac and cyclamen. It is present in many deodorants and antiperspirants, not only as a fragrance, but also as a natural microbiocide (38). Other uses are as flavoring agent in foods and beverages and as insect attractant (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 36).
Essential Oils as Lures for Invasive Ambrosia Beetles
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Paul E. Kendra, Nurhayat Tabanca, Wayne S. Montgomery, Jerome Niogret, David Owens, Daniel Carrillo
Current monitoring for E. nr. fornicatus utilizes a commercial lure containing quercivorol, (1S, 4R)-p-menth-2-en-1-ol (Kashiwagi et al., 2006), a proposed fungal volatile emitted by Fusarium spp. (i.e., a food-based attractant) (Cooperband et al., 2017). These lures were first found attractive to host-seeking females in Florida (Carrillo et al., 2015), with comparable results later obtained with Euwallacea populations in California (Dodge et al., 2017) and Israel (Byers et al., 2017). A recent analysis (Owens et al., 2018b) of the commercial lure indicated it contains a mixture of four isomers of p-menth-2-en-1-ol, and the (1S,4R)-enantiomer is not the major component. However, this lure is commonly referred to as the “quercivorol lure” in entomological literature, but it is unclear exactly which isomer(s) is/are responsible for attraction of E. nr. fornicatus.
Autofluorescence as a Parameter to Study Pharmaceutical Materials
Published in Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina, Fluorescence of Living Plant Cells for Phytomedicine Preparations, 2020
Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina
Most of the monoterpenes, especially nerol, linalool, and geraniol, are concentrated in flower essential oils (more than 20%), whereas geranial and geranyl acetate are concentrated in pollen (Roshchina V.V. and Roshchina V.D. 1993). Some of them, for instance linalool and geraniol, are attractants for insects. Monoterpenes occur in essential oils of many secretions from all parts of species belonging to the Asteraceae. Cymol is a component of the essential oils of the blossoms of Achillea millefolium (Harborne 1993) and Artemisia ludovicjana, up to 33–50% of total essential oil (Elakovich 1988). Camphor is also a major component of the essential oil of Artemisia maritima (Murav’eva et al. 2007).
Phytochemicals, antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective effect of ginger (Zingiber officinale) on diethylnitrosamine toxicity in rats
Published in Biomarkers, 2019
Abdelgawad Fahmi, Naglaa Hassanen, Mariam Abdur-Rahman, Engy Shams-Eldin
For thousands of years, Rome, Greece, and Egypt used plants and their volatile essential (E.O.) oils as food flavouring agents and pharmaceuticals (Baris et al.2006). Secondary metabolites produced by plants have different such as pollinator attractants and chemical defenders against microorganisms, insects, and predators (Fürstenberg-Hägg et al.2013). These plants also contain specific constituents that can act as antioxidants. Matkowski (2008) defined antioxidant as a compound that has the ability to inhibit or delay oxidation processes. Fatty acids are sensitive to oxidation mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated oxidation, resulting in the formation of peroxide, which in turn is decomposed giving many secondary products such as aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons and other potentially cytotoxic substances that have been implicated in several diseases (Ferrari and Torres 2003).
The complex barnacle perfume: identification of waterborne pheromone homologues in Balanus improvisus and their differential expression during settlement
Published in Biofouling, 2019
Anna Abramova, Ulrika Lind, Anders Blomberg, Magnus Alm Rosenblad
Details on how the waterborne cue is released, distributed, and sensed by cyprids remain unknown. However, studies on host location by cyprids of the parasitic barnacle Heterosaccus dollfusi (Pasternak et al. 2004) showed that larvae use chemoreception to initiate the motion and rheoreception (sensing direction of the flow) to follow the host’s odour plume upstream until locating the organism releasing the odour. This study also suggested that larvae do not use the concentration gradient of the attractant to find the direction but rather its presence or absence in the water flow. In the context of a pheromone mixture, it is therefore probable that cyprids’ first encounter the most abundant WSP that travels the longest distance from where it was released. Following the odour plume, cyprids will sense the other more lowly expressed WSP homologues that would serve as a confirmation of the direction towards the odour source as well as possibly trigger downward movement thus bringing cyprids closer to the surface where the cue is released by already established adults.
TGF-β enhances the cytotoxic activity of Vδ2 T cells
Published in OncoImmunology, 2019
Christian Peters, Annika Meyer, Léonce Kouakanou, Julia Feder, Tim Schricker, Marcus Lettau, Ottmar Janssen, Daniela Wesch, Dieter Kabelitz
A major issue of immunotherapy by adoptive transfer of T cells is how to bring the effector cells into proximity of the targeted tumor cells. The recruitment of lymphocytes into tissues is orchestrated by chemo-attractants and adhesion molecules. LFA-1 (Integrin αL/β2; CD11a/CD18) is the best-characterized molecule of the integrin family and is essential for lymphocyte homing to lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues as well as for the formation and maintenance of the immunological and cytolytic synapse.9 The integrin αE (CD103)/β7, which interacts with the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin, is known to be important for the retention of lymphocytes within epithelial tissues,10 but is only expressed on about 2% of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of healthy individuals.11 Moreover, αE (CD103)/β7 activity is important for the acquisition of a dendritic phenotype and the motility of intraepithelial T cells.12