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Metabolic Syndrome
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Management of metabolic syndrome, between patients and healthcare providers, includes controlling BP, lowering LDL cholesterol, increasing HDL cholesterol, and lower triglycerides. Treatment is also designed to prevent onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Medications can be added when lifestyle changes are completely effective. These include metformin, statins, and antihypertensives. Allopurinol may also reduce insulin resistance and symptoms of metabolic syndrome. Supplements include alpha lipoic acid, green tea or green tea extract, glycine powder, raspberry ketone, bitter melon extract, potassium, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Biotransformation of Sesquiterpenoids, Ionones, Damascones, Adamantanes, and Aromatic Compounds by Green Algae, Fungi, and Mammals
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Yoshinori Asakawa, Yoshiaki Noma
Raspberry ketone (566) and zingerone (574) are the major components of raspberry (Rubus idaeus) and ginger (Zingiber officinale), and these are used as food additive and spice. Two substrates were incubated with the Phytolacca americana cultured cells for 3 days to produce two secondary alcohols (567, 568) as well as five glucosides (569–572) from 566 and a secondary alcohol (576) and four glycoside products (575, 577–579) from 574. In the case of raspberry ketone, phenolic hydroxyl group was preferably glycosylated after the reduction of carbonyl group of the substrate occurred. It is interesting to note that one more hydroxyl group was introduced into the benzene ring to give 568, which were further glycosylated by one of the phenolic hydroxyl groups, and no glycoside of the secondary alcohol at C2 were obtained (Figure 23.161).
Hepatoprotective effect of Raspberry ketone and white tea against acrylamide-induced toxicity in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Soha M. Hamdy, Zakaria El-Khayat, Abdel Razik Farrag, Ola N. Sayed, Mervat M. El-Sayed, Diaa Massoud
Raspberry ketone (4–(4-hydroxyphenyl) butan-2-one; RK) is one of the major natural aromatic compounds of red raspberry fruit (Rubus idaeus), responsible for the fruity aroma of raspberries (Giuggioli et al. 2015, Mir et al. 2019). It is used as a fragrance and flavoring substance for cosmetics, perfumes, foodstuffs, and soft drinks (Schwab et al. 2018). The structure of RK is analogous to both capsaicin and synephrine which are marketed for weight loss purposes (Figure 1) (Nuffer and Nuffer 2018, Johnston 2019). However, the biological activities of RK are not fully understood. RK demonstrated an ameliorative effect on the liver activities, thought the significant increase in the process of lipolysis, decreasing hepatic triacylglyceride content, inhibiting lipid peroxidation, and reducing the nitric oxide (NO) liberation (V. Khan et al.2018). Moreover, RK was proved hepatoprotective properties against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 through the increase in glutathione (GSH) biogenesis (Fouad et al. 2019). Conclusively, RK showed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and change in lipid metabolism in rodent models (Wang et al. 2012, Park 2015, Mohamed et al. 2018, V. Khan et al.2018).
Effect of Raspberry Ketone on Normal, Obese and Health-Compromised Obese Mice: A Preliminary Study
Published in Journal of Dietary Supplements, 2021
Tahir Maqbool Mir, Guoyi Ma, Zulfiqar Ali, Ikhlas A. Khan, Mohammad K. Ashfaq
Fruits of Rubus idaeus L. commonly known as red raspberries are widely available and possess both nutritional and medicinal properties. They possess several essential micronutrients, dietary fibers, and phenolic components, especially raspberry ketone ellagitannins, and anthocyanins. Scientific reports indicate that raspberries are being used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, and neurodegeneration (Burton-Freeman et al. 2016; Kristo et al. 2016; Noratto et al. 2016). Raspberry ketone is an aromatic compound predominantly found in raspberries and also in other fruits, including black raspberries and kiwifruit (Ulbricht et al. 2011). It is widely used as a fragrance in cosmetics and flavoring agent in foodstuff. Several reports have demonstrated its lipolytic and anti-obesity activities (Morimoto et al. 2005; Leu et al. 2018; Mehanna et al. 2018). In the present study, we induced obesity in mice by feeding them for 10 weeks on a high-fat diet. Increases in body weight and fat storage was noted in accordance with the previously published reports (Morimoto et al. 2005; Mukai et al. 2016). In addition, we explored the possible adverse effects of consumption of RK during normal obese and health compromised obese condition in mice.
The Combined Effects of Exercise, Diet, and a Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplement on Body Composition and Adipokine Changes in Overweight Adults
Published in Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2018
Shawn M. Arent, Alan J. Walker, Joseph K. Pellegrino, David J. Sanders, Bridget A. McFadden, Tim N. Ziegenfuss, Hector L. Lopez
Some of these compounds have been shown to be efficacious used in isolation in in vitro and animal models. For example, raspberry ketone (from Rubus idaeus) has become a popular dietary supplement, precluding weight gain in response to a high-fat diet in murine models (10). Presumably this is related to the observed elevated norepinephrine-driven lipolysis and translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase from the cytosol to the lipid droplets in rat epididymal cells (10). Cell culture studies have also shown raspberry ketone to increase lipolysis and adiponectin levels in 3T3-L1 cells (11). Similarly, both garlic and ginger have been tested in adipocytes as well as mice on high-fat diets, genetically altered mice (diabetic) and rats (metabolic syndrome) yielding promising results: blunted accumulation of body fat, reduced insulin and adipocytokine secretion, and decreased markers of inflammation (12–14).