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Common Medicines from Herbs, Minerals and Animal Sources
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
Lots of mechanisms are responsible for the beneficial outcomes of cranberry intake on CVD (cardiovascular disorders), including its impact on risk factors of cardiovascular diseases like oxidative stress, the function of platelets, dyslipidemia, hypertension, arterial stiffness, inflammation, diabetes and endothelial dysfunction. Such beneficial effects might inhibit lesion progression, thrombosis, atherogenesis, ischaemic cardiomyopathy, plaque rupture and myocardial infarction. A number of studies and two meta-analyses stipulate a benefit of consuming cranberry in inhibiting the relapse of urinary tract infections (Blumberg et al., 2013).
Plant Source Foods
Published in Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy, Food and Lifestyle in Health and Disease, 2022
Chuong Pham-Huy, Bruno Pham Huy
There are two major species of cranberry: the American cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) and the European cranberry (V. oxycoccos), both belonging to the Ericaceae family. The European cranberry fruit is smaller (0.6–1.2 cm) and only half the size of the American fruit. The American cranberry is a red berry when ripe with acidic taste. The United States and Canada together account for more than 90% of the world’s cranberry production (79, 84). Cranberries contain a lot of biologically active substances, such as vitamins (especially vitamin C), phenolic antioxidants (flavonoids, quercetin, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins), and minerals (calcium, magnesium, potassium) (79, 84). Cranberries could prevent and treat urinary tract infections and stomach ulcers. They might prevent or reduce cardiovascular disease risks and protect against lipoprotein oxidation (79, 84). Cranberry fruit and juice can reduce the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) or ‘bad’ cholesterol and, thus, reduce the atherosclerotic process. In the last decade, in vitro anti-cancer activity, anti-mutagenic effects and anti-tumorigenic activities of cranberries have been examined (79, 84). About 90% of cranberries are usually consumed as dried fruits, and products such as juices or food ingredients in cereals, meat, milk products, and sauces. The rest (10%) is consumed via fresh fruits (79).
Urinary tract infection
Published in Samar Razaq, Difficult Cases in Primary Care, 2021
Rather than prophylactic antibiotics, the importance of prevention should be discussed with the mother. A careful history should rule out constipation. If concomitant constipation exists then this should be treated. An adequate fluid intake and appropriate genital hygiene should be encouraged. Inadequate and dysfunctional voiding has also been linked with recurrent UTIs. A history of this should be sought and appropriate advice given. Cranberry juice is widely recommended in women as prophylaxis against UTIs. It is thought to prevent the adhesion of microbes to the epithelial cells of the urinary tract. Studies in children are limited and inconclusive. Moreover, the amount of cranberry juice that would have to be ingested to prevent UTIs is unclear. If the child finds it palatable, it may be recommended. Circumcision in boys has been associated with a lower risk of UTI and may be considered in boys at a high risk of a UTI or with high-grade VUR (Singh-Grewal, et al., 2005).
Assessment of pharmacy students’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward herbal dietary supplements
Published in Journal of American College Health, 2022
Sarah A. Nakhal, Souraya A. Domiati, Mohamed E. K. Amin, Abdalla M. El-Lakany
Fish oil or Omega-3 is one of the most commonly consumed dietary supplements that provides many health benefits, including protection against a number of diseases such as cardiovascular, eye, and mental diseases, aids in weight loss, and reduce inflammation. Another consumed dietary supplement is fiber or psyllium used as a bulk-forming laxative. Furthermore, cranberry used for treating or preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), improving heart health, fighting age-related damage, and supporting the digestive system. Glucosamine and chondroitin are used for the treatment of osteoarthritis, despite the proof that they are no more effective than placebo in delaying the progression of cartilage loss in patients with moderate-to-severe knee osteoarthritis.14 Indeed, in the current study, these 5 herbal products were most frequently used by pharmacy students. This can be correlated by the fact that students refer mostly to the Internet (56%) as a source of information due to easy accessibility. In fact, according to the finding of Alhomoud et al.,6 the Internet carries a vast range of information, resources, and services. Textbooks accounted for the lowest percentage, although they are the most trusted source of information.
Pharmacotherapeutic advances for recurrent urinary tract infections in women
Published in Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy, 2020
Mohamad Moussa, Mohamed Abou Chakra, Athanasios Dellis, Yasmin Moussa, Athanasios Papatsoris
rUTIs in women can be prevented with low-dose continuous antimicrobial prophylaxis or with post-coital antimicrobial prophylaxis. The oral vaccine reduces r-UTIs. Cranberry intake seem beneficial, but more trials are needed before certain recommendations can be made. CRE and ESBL are of particular concern in UTIs therapy. cUTIs with CRE present in patients with rUTIs who had repeated exposure to multiple antibiotics. Susceptibility and urine drug concentrations should drive effective antibiotic therapy. Colistin and tigecycline have been used as first-line agents for the treatment of infections caused by these pathogens. More recently, several novel agents with activity against certain ESBL and CRE pathogens have been approved for clinical use or are reaching late-stage clinical development. There is a need to develop updated therapeutic guidelines to treat rUTIs.
Adverse event reporting patterns of concomitant botanical dietary supplements with CYP3A4 interactive & CYP3A4 non-interactive anticancer drugs in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 2019
Shahariar Mohammed Fahim, Ahmed Ullah Mishuk, Ning Cheng, Richard Hansen, Angela I. Calderón, Jingjing Qian
In this study, cranberry, garlic, ginger, and green tea showed a higher potential protective effect on serious AE reports compared to all other combinations of BDSs and CYP3A4 interactives. The potential benefits of cranberry are consistent with a study that analyzed cranberry supplement activity on the CYP3A4 enzyme and found less evidence for significant interaction [29]. Preclinical studies also showed that cranberry is well-tolerated and has some inhibitory effect on cancer [30]. Consistently, one study reported that garlic supplementation did not significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of docetaxel [31], which is metabolized by CYP3A4. In addition, existing evidence informed the unlikeliness of the inhibition of hepatic CYP3A4 by ginger [32,33], which explains the protective signal found in this study. Last but not least, a clinical study with healthy individuals concluded that green tea has less potential for clinically significant CYP interactions in humans [34]. Controlled studies with human cancer subjects are much needed to determine the relationship between green tea and CYP3A4 mediated anticancer drugs.