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Use of Dermatologics during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Safe agents to treat acne during pregnancy are available and include topical agents, (such as topical erythromycin), keratolytics, and astringents. They may be safely used to treat acne during pregnancy. Topical steroids may also be safely used for the treatment of psoriasis during pregnancy. The major exception is triamcinolone, which should be avoided during pregnancy.
Patient assessment
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Sadly, acne treatments may take up to four months from initiation to have an appreciable benefit. The treatment regimens offered to patients with acne are dictated by disease severity. In mild acne, patients are often offered an astringent such as topical benzoyl peroxide lotion as well as topical antibiotics such as erythromycin or clindamycin. Should these topical treatments prove ineffective, or if a person has moderate acne on presentation, then a 16-week course of oral antibiotics such as lymecycline or oxytetracycline are often advised in conjunction with benzoyl peroxide. Female patients may also have some benefit from taking the combined oral contraceptive pill to decrease circulating testosterone levels and subsequently decreasing sebum production. Severe cases should be managed by a consultant dermatologist for consideration of isotretinoin, a vitamin A analogue, which induces apoptosis within sebaceous glands. It is usually a very effective medication with over 8 in every 10 patients reporting resolution of acne lesions after a 20-week treatment regime. Isotretinoin should only be dispensed by a consultant dermatolo-gist as it has a considerable side-effect profile, including mucosal dryness, worsening of acne, depression and psychosis. It is also a potent teratogenic agent, and females of childbearing age should always have adequate contraception whilst on this treatment.
Assyria
Published in Michael J. O’Dowd, The History of Medications for Women, 2020
The seeds and leaves of fox-grape (Vitis labrusca) were used for their astringent properties. Maple (Acer sp.) extract, alone or in rosewater or milk, was also applied to the penis. As an astringent, it should have been helpful for skin inflammation or ulceration.
Efficacy of a vaginal tablet as a Persian medicine product on vulvovaginal candidiasis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2020
Somayyeh Khalilzadeh, Tahereh Eftkhar, Laila Shirbeigi, Malihe Tabarrai, Tayebeh Toliyat, Shamim Fayazmanesh, Zeinab Ghasemi, Safar Shamohammadi
One of the options is the use of traditional drugs that have been popular among people for many years. In reliable Old Persian medicine references, such as the Canon of Medicine by ‘Avicenna’ (980–1037 AD), many herbal remedies including the ‘ward’ [Name of Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) in the Canon of Medicine] were recommended to treat vaginitis (Avicenna 2005). Considering the 10,000-year-old history of Persian medicine, the search for Iranian medical texts that have been used for centuries is a reasonable way to find new drugs, because the use of traditional experiences increases the likelihood of discovering effective drug substances by up to 40 times; this figure is only 1% by random research (Naseri et al. 2012). The anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects of these herbs and anti-Candida effect of Rosa damascena, Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), and Myrtus communis L. (Myrtaceae) have been confirmed in numerous articles regarding conventional medicine (Kaur et al. 2004; Hayder et al. 2008; Boskabady et al. 2011; Hosseinzadeh et al. 2011; Shema-Didi et al. 2012; Anibal et al. 2013; Shin et al. 2015; Hosseini et al. 2016; Masoudi et al. 2017; Liu et al. 2018; Khalilzadeh et al. 2019). It is also recommended to use astringent and aromatic herbs in the treatment of vaginitis in Persian medicine resources (Azamkhan 2008). We investigated, in a randomised controlled trial, the influence of a vaginal tablet based on the ‘ward’ (Rosa damascena) on VVC (Table 1).
Left out in the cold: Serving wines chilled
Published in Temperature, 2019
Although also perceived in the mouth, astringency and irritation are not tastes. In wine, astringency is the rough or drying sensation that occurs when tannins interact with salivary proteins to reduce lubrication within the oral cavity, whereas irritation is the burning sensation elicited by high concentrations of ethanol. Both astringency and irritation are temperature-dependent. Chilling reduces perceived astringency albeit the effects are fairly small [4]. Suppression of astringency may be due to (a) decreased solution viscosity of the refrigerated solution, (b) a higher salivary flow rate in response to cold solutions, or (c) reduced tannin-protein interactions resulting from colder temperatures. Solution viscosity, salivary flow rate, and the degree of protein-compound interaction have all been shown to affect perceived astringency. When some wines (particularly red varietals) are consumed above optimal serving temperatures, connoisseurs will often characterize them as “hot”. This “hot” sensation is typically evoked in wines with relatively high alcohol content. Ethanol elicits this sensation by activating a temperature-sensitive receptor (TRPV1) normally responsive to hot temperatures [5]. Cooling reduces the likelihood of TRPV1 being activated. Not surprisingly, chilling a wine therefore, will decrease the activation of TRPV1 by ethanol and consequently reduce the “hot”, irritant sensation from the wine.
Physiological and histopathological alterations in male Swiss mice after exposure to titanium dioxide (anatase) and zinc oxide nanoparticles and their binary mixture
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Opeoluwa Ogunsuyi, Olusegun Ogunsuyi, Olubukola Akanni, Okunola Alabi, Chibuisi Alimba, Oluwatosin Adaramoye, Sebastien Cambier, Santhana Eswara, Arno C. Gutleb, Adekunle Bakare
Some inorganic NPs, such as iron oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium oxide, and copper oxide exhibit unique features where they serve as anti-cancer agents via the selective induction of cytotoxic effects on cancer cells (Wason et al. 2013, Orel et al. 2015). TiO2 and ZnO are widely used inorganic NPs that have gained increasing attention, especially in biomedical applications (Palanikumar et al. 2013). TiO2 NPs are applied as a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy in clinical medicine, drug delivery and as carrier vectors and for targeting strategies. They are also found in food products including confectioneries, nondairy products, salad dressings, sauces, and personal care products (sunscreens, shampoos, and deodorants). The daily average intake of TiO2 in humans is approximately >5.4 mg/d (Lomer et al. 2000). Likewise, ZnO NPs are applied in the medical field due to their antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their antineoplastic, angiogenic, and wound-healing properties in veterinary sciences. They are useful in cancer therapy, drug/gene delivery, tissue engineering, biosensors, and as an astringent (for eczema, excoriation, wounds, and hemorrhoids). They are used as supplements in human and livestock diets due to their anti-inflammatory properties (Noori et al. 2014). The recommended daily intake of zinc ion (Zn2+), an indispensable trace element in adult men and women in the United States, is 11 and 9 mg, respectively (Zhang et al. 2013). Therefore, the accumulation of TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs may be non-negligible through human consumption and use.