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Do I Have IBS?
Published in Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck, Reclaim Your Life From IBS, 2022
Melissa G. Hunt, Aaron T. Beck
A history of having taken certain medications is known to increase the risk for MC. In particular, long-term or chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) pain killers including aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen turns out to be very common in people who are ultimately diagnosed with MC. It might seem ironic that using an anti-inflammatory drug would increase the risk of an inflammatory bowel disorder. Unfortunately, this particular class of drugs tends to irritate the lining of the intestines. Oddly, there is a different type of anti-inflammatory drug called mesalamine that can be used to treat both ulcerative colitis and microscopic colitis.
Paper 2
Published in Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman, nMRCGP Applied Knowledge Test Study Guide, 2021
Aalia Khan, Ramsey Jabbour, Almas Rehman
According to the British National Formulary (BNF) how many weeks should a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) be tried before switching to another due to failure of its anti-inflammatory effect? 23456
Sjögren Syndrome
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Complications associated with primary Sjögren syndrome may be treated with standard protocols: (i) parotid swelling (short-term oral corticosteroids; antibiotic treatment); (ii) arthritis (hydroxychloroquine; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug [NSAIDs]; short-term oral/intraarticular corticosteroids; other disease-modifying antirheumatic drug [DMARDs] as with rheumatoid arthritis); (iii) interstitial lung disease (corticosteroids, oral or intravenous; cyclophosphamide for active alveolitis; pirfenidone, nintedanib); (iv) tubulointerstitial nephritis (potassium and bicarbonate replacement); (v) glomerulonephritis (corticosteroids, oral or intravenous; cyclophosphamide; mycofenolate mofetil); (vi) peripheral neuropathy (gabapentinoids; corticosteroids; intravenous immunoglobulins [IVIg]); (vi) cryoglobulinemic vasculitis (corticosteroids, plasmapheresis) [36–38].
Appraisal of anti-gout potential of colchicine-loaded chitosan nanoparticle gel in uric acid-induced gout animal model
Published in Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry, 2022
Poonam Parashar, Ifrah Mazhar, Jovita Kanoujia, Abhishek Yadav, Pranesh Kumar, Shubhini A. Saraf, Sudipta Saha
Colchicine is a naturally occurring alkaloid extracted from the flowers of Autumn crocus Colchicum autumnale commonly known as meadow saffron. It is an anti-inflammatory drug which is widely used in the treatment of gouty arthritis (Dalbeth et al. 2014). Colchicine acts by reducing lactic acid production via leukocytes, which results in lowering uric acid deposition as well as decrease inflammatory response. In spite of being the most effective and fastest acting drug against gouty arthritis, colchicine is considered as last alternative in gout therapy due to its severe adverse effects associated with enteral and parenteral routes of administration (Wortmann 2002, Chilappa et al. 2010). The most dreadful effects comprises of bone marrow depression leading to anaemia, polyneuropathy subsequent to kidney failure and hallucinations (Khalil et al. 2014). In addition to that, a special consideration for dose adjustment is required among geriatric and paediatric patient. Oral administration further faces the problem of first pass hepatic metabolism resulting in reduced bioavailability (Nascimento et al. 2009, Shen et al. 2011). Intravenous administration of colchicine leads to problems like tissue necrosis, cytopenias etc. (Bonnel et al. 2002). Thus these drawbacks need to be addressed and nanoparticulate system could be one of the promising approach.
The use of paracetamol for first-line treatment of acute sore throat. A descriptive generic qualitative study of GPs and patients
Published in European Journal of General Practice, 2021
Kimberley De Vocht, Tycho Debie, Hilde Bastiaens, Sibyl Anthierens
In Belgium, having an acute sore throat is a common reason to consult the general practitioner (GP) [1]. The recommended approach in Flemish guidelines to relieve pain caused by a sore throat is using a time-based approach of paracetamol, 1 gram four times per day. However, patients’ knowledge about the use of paracetamol appears to be substantially insufficient or incorrect [2]. A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is recommended as an alternative, keeping the side-effects, co-morbidities and possible drug interactions in mind. Antibiotics are only recommended for patients who are severely ill, at risk for severe complications, or when a peritonsillar abscess is suspected [3–5]. Many campaigns and studies target the overuse of antibiotics, looking into the perceptions and practices of their use by both clinicians and patients [6].
Luminal microbiota related to Crohn’s disease recurrence after surgery
Published in Gut Microbes, 2020
Amy L. Hamilton, Michael A. Kamm, Peter De Cruz, Emily K. Wright, Hai Feng, Josef Wagner, Joseph J. Y. Sung, Carl D. Kirkwood, Michael Inouye, Shu-Mei Teo
One limitation of this study was the heterogeneity of anti-inflammatory drug treatment provided in the post-operative period, limiting our ability to correct for therapy. Pre-operative therapy is likely to have a lesser confounding effect on the post-operative microbiome than the act of surgery itself, which induces changes in the microbiome even in healthy people.6,19 While there are few data reported on the effect of thiopurines on the microbiome, there is evidence that the anti-TNF drugs are associated with an increase in short-chain fatty acid-producing genera.66 This includes members of the Lachnospiraceae family such as Anaerostipes, Roseburia, Coprococcus, and Lachnospira, as well as the Ruminococcus and Faecalibacerium genera.66 There is also a decrease over time in Proteobacteria (including Enterobacteriaceae species)66–68 and a shift toward the microbiota of healthy control subjects.69 Given that these anti-TNF drugs are effective for post-operative endoscopic recurrence in our30 and other cohorts,70,71 this microbial pattern is consistent with post-operative remission.