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An Overview of COVID-19 Treatment
Published in Hanadi Talal Ahmedah, Muhammad Riaz, Sagheer Ahmed, Marius Alexandru Moga, The Covid-19 Pandemic, 2023
Saffora Riaz, Farkhanda Manzoor, Dou Deqiang, Najmur Rahman
Various corticosteroids, Dexamethasone, Prednisone, methylprednisolone, are great beneficial drugs. They are cheap, readily available, and effective. The COVID-19 treatment rules propose dexamethasone to people hospitalized in acute conditions [32–35]. In COVID-19 cases, dexamethasone was recommended to be more advantageous. Before recommending the dexamethasone COVID, 19 patients’ symptoms were assessed [36–37]. Dexamethasone has been accessible worldwide and a most fundamental medication reported by the guidelines of the health agencies and the world. It is suggested for the COVID-19 patients hospitalized without a ventilator’s help or may require oxygen. In the COVID-19 patients in the principal seven-day stretch of ailment, sickness might be overwhelmed by dynamic viral replication playing an optional immune pathological role. At that stage, dexamethasone has a more notable mortality advantage [38–40].
Optic Neuropathies Associated With Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders (NMO-SD)
Published in Vivek Lal, A Clinical Approach to Neuro-Ophthalmic Disorders, 2023
Corticosteroids can be safely used in second and third trimesters during pregnancy. For a patient with MS who is pregnant or breast feeding preferred option is not to use any DMT. Selected pregnant patients may continue glatiramer or interferon beta. These DMTs are also compatible with breast feeding.
Pulmonary – Treatable traits
Published in Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord, The Asthmas, 2023
Vibeke Backer, Peter G. Gibson, Ian D. Pavord
Corticosteroid sparing agents include methotrexate, gold and cyclosporin. There is some evidence that these agents have steroid-sparing effects in asthma, but each have their own safety concerns. The risk of adverse effects from the use of long-term oral corticosteroids and the lack of safe alternatives necessitates careful monitoring of the response to treatment. The use of these oral corticosteroid sparing drugs has been largely superseded by the biologic drugs targeting type-2 cytokines.
Current perspectives on the diagnosis and management of acute transverse myelitis
Published in Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 2023
Nanthaya Tisavipat, Eoin P Flanagan
Corticosteroid use as a preventative medication is limited by its severe side effect burden, particularly in children. Some providers utilize a steroid taper for weeks to months after each attack, but as most patients do not have an early relapse, our current approach is not to use steroid taper routinely except in those with very severe attacks where it might be considered for 4–6 weeks [200]. For patients requiring maintenance attack-prevention treatment, steroid-sparing immunotherapies such as maintenance IVIg (doses 1 g/kg/month or greater seem more effective) and IL-6 blockers (e.g. tocilizumab) have shown the most promise for relapse prevention [186,201–204]. Subcutaneous immunoglobulin might be a substitute to IVIg [205]. Other steroid sparing agents including mycophenolate, azathioprine, and methotrexate are alternative considerations. Unfortunately, rituximab appears to be less effective in MOGAD than it is in AQP4+NMOSD and MS for unclear reasons and thus is generally utilized as a second line [206].
Ultra-Widefield Fluorescein Angiography to Monitor Therapeutic Response to Adalimumab in Behcet’s Uveitis
Published in Ocular Immunology and Inflammation, 2022
Bo Hee Kim, Un Chul Park, Sung Wook Park, Hyeong Gon Yu
Behcet’s disease (BD) is an inflammatory disorder of unknown cause, characterized by recurrent oral aphthous ulcers, genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin lesions.1,2 Posterior segment involvement has been reported in 50–93% of patients with ocular BD, and recurrent inflammatory attacks may lead to severe retinal damage and visual loss.3–6 Systemic corticosteroids have been the mainstay treatment for most noninfectious ocular inflammatory diseases.7 However, corticosteroids alone are not sufficient for the treatment of Behcet’s uveitis because of the often recurrent and severe nature of the disease. In addition, prolonged use of high-dose corticosteroids incurs side effects including iatrogenic diabetes, cushingoid changes, gastrointestinal troubles, and osteoporosis. Thus, BD is treated with systemically administered corticosteroids in conjunction with one or more immunomodulatory agents.8 Immunomodulatory agents are strongly recommended for their anti-inflammatory effects as well as steroid-sparing capabilities in patients with chronic and severe Behcet’s uveitis. Despite this combination of systemic treatments, end visual prognosis is not favorable in refractory uveitis secondary to BD.9,10 Therefore, the use of biologics targeting inflammatory cytokines has been attempted and can result in marked attenuation of immune-mediated inflammation.11–14
Intralesional corticosteroid injections are less painful without local anesthetic: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial
Published in Journal of Dermatological Treatment, 2022
Danny Zakria, James R. Patrinely, Anna K. Dewan, Sharon E. Albers, Lee E. Wheless, Aleta N. Simmons, Brian C. Drolet
Corticosteroids are commonly used in dermatology to treat a variety of inflammatory pathologies (1). They are considered a first-line treatment option for many conditions, including alopecia areata, psoriasis, and keloids (2–4). Corticosteroids can be administered topically, intramuscularly, intralesionally, orally, or intravenously. In dermatology, intralesional administration is often used to mitigate localized inflammatory processes. With a goal of reducing injection pain, corticosteroids are sometimes mixed with a local anesthetic. However, commonly used local anesthetics, such as lidocaine and bupivacaine, can cause a burning sensation and be a source of significant discomfort due to their acidic pH (5). Additionally, local anesthetics do not contain anti-inflammatory properties or treat the underlying pathology. Furthermore, in the case of mixing local anesthetics with corticosteroids, local anesthetics do not diminish pain associated with the needle stick, the most noxious component of the injection experience (6).