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Endocrine Disorders, Contraception, and Hormone Therapy during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Cortisone is a glucocorticoid normally excreted by the adrenal gland. Cortisone is used for replacement therapy and to treat allergic and inflammatory diseases. The Collaborative Perinatal Project included only 34 pregnancies exposed during the first trimester to cortisone, and the frequency of congenital anomalies among the exposed pregnancies was no greater than expected (Heinonen et al., 1977a).
Native And Acquired Resistance To Infection With Cryptococcus Neoformans
Published in Hans H. Gadebusch, Phagocytes and Cellular Immunity, 2020
Experimental studies have shown that cryptococci under suitable circumstances can disseminate both from the respiratory tract and the peritoneal cavity in a wide variety of rodents including normal guinea pigs,38,45 a species known to possess resistance to this infection similar to that of man. In both of these studies cortisone administration reduced the quantity of the inflammatory infiltrate, enhanced the spread of infection, and increased the mortality rate. Recall from latency using cortisone38 or whole body irradiation115 was also shown.
Medications That May Be Useful in the Management of Patients with Chronic Intractable Pain
Published in Michael S. Margoles, Richard Weiner, Chronic PAIN, 2019
Cortisone medications, whether by mouth or by injection, can cause unwanted side effects. Refer to Drug Facts and Comparisons for a more detailed discussion of some of the reactions and problems that may be associated with use of this group of medications. Although the various cortisone-type drugs can be very helpful, their use should not be undertaken casually.
Physical therapy management of a patient with persistent groin pain after total hip arthroplasty and iliopsoas tenotomy: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Surgical methods for addressing hip impingement syndrome after THA include acetabular revision and iliopsoas tenotomy (Chalmers et al., 2017). A study by Chalmers et al. (2017) compared operative and nonoperative treatment of hip impingement syndrome after THA; 50% of patients experienced relief after nonoperative treatment compared with 76% in the operative group. However, nonoperative treatment strategies in that study primarily consisted of cortisone injection. Cortisone injections risk weakening the tendon structure and have been associated with poor long-term outcomes in other body regions (Mellor et al., 2018; Olaussen et al., 2013), so they may not be ideal as a stand-alone strategy for nonoperative care. Operative treatment also has direct and indirect risks. In a study of 1870 mostly young adults undergoing arthroscopic hip surgery, significant increases were found in comorbidities, such as chronic pain, substance abuse, metabolic syndrome, systemic arthropathy, and sleep disorders, in the 2 years after surgery (Rhon et al., 2019). Although physical therapy is often recommended for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (Griffin et al., 2016, 2018; Mansell et al., 2018; Wall, Fernandez, Griffin, and Foster, 2013), it is inconsistently recommended for hip impingement after THA (Henderson and Lachiewicz, 2012).
Association between hair cortisol, hair cortisone, and fatigue in people living with HIV
Published in Stress, 2021
Quan Zhang, Xiaoming Li, Shan Qiao, Shuaifeng Liu, Zhiyong Shen, Yuejiao Zhou
As well known, cortisol is an active glucocorticoid, and cortisone is an inactive glucocorticoid originating from the local conversion of cortisol by the 11β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) type 2 enzyme, and 11β-HSD type1 enzyme is responsible for the reversible conversion of cortisone to cortisol (Perogamvros et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2017). Accordingly, cortisol and cortisone interaction regulates stress-induced psychological and physiological responses together (Vanaelst et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2015). Therefore, measurement of cortisone and cortisol levels may provide a thorough assessment of active and inactive GCs exposure (Zhang et al., 2018). In addition, cortisone levels are higher than those of cortisol levels in biological samples (e.g. saliva, urine, and hair) (Perogamvros et al., 2010; Zhang et al., 2017). Moreover, cortisone levels could more closely approximate unbound, biologically active cortisol levels than total cortisol levels (Perogamvros et al., 2010). Regardless of the relatively little is known about cortisone's physiological significance, previous studies examed the relationship of cortisol and cortisone levels and fatigue in CFS and found that CFS patients had lower salivary and urinary cortisol and cortisone levels than healthy controls (Jerjes et al., 2005; Jerjes et al., 2006). Thus, there are potential benefits to assess the association between GCs levels and fatigue by employing both cortisol and cortisone levels in PLHIV
Autologous conditioned serum: clinical and functional results using a novel disease modifying agent for the management of knee osteoarthritis
Published in Journal of Drug Assessment, 2020
Matteo Vitali, Marco Ometti, Andreas Drossinos, Pierluigi Pironti, Luca Santoleri, Vincenzo Salini
OA is the most common debilitating disease of the musculoskeletal system in adults over the age of 60. To date, there are no definitive treatment options for OA. Current guidelines aim to delay joint replacement surgery as much as possible with the use of conservative treatment modalities1. Non-pharmacological options include life-style changes such as weight loss and low impact physical exercises however these tend to have low patient compliance. Of the pharmacological options available, intra-articular injections have proven to be more effective than oral modalities due to their favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Corticosteroid injections were initially proposed to relieve some of the inflammation, although repeated injections are not recommended due to the cartilage degradation that may occur with cortisone2. Hyaluronic is another feasible option for patients with mild-to-moderate knee OA with no response to the first-line treatment. It provides mechanical lubrication, facilitating the gliding of the femur over the tibia3. In recent years, as the understanding of the mechanisms underlying OA has improved, targeted treatments have been developed to attempt to slow down the progression of this disease. These drugs are called disease-modifying osteoarthritic drugs (DMOADs)4.