China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Malignant Tumors and the Microcirculation
Published in John H. Barker, Gary L. Anderson, Michael D. Menger, Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research, 2019
Bernhard Endrich, Peter Vaupel
In clinical pharmacology, much attention was focused on the development of so-called angiogenesis inhibitors for anticancer therapy. Many of these compounds, however, were found to prevent neovascularization in chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis or psoriasis only. A summary of the most recent information in this field has been provided by Folkman and Brem.23 They addressed some promising approaches related to clinical oncology as follows:
Oral Mucosal Reactions to Anticancer Therapies
Published in Gabriella Fabbrocini, Mario E. Lacouture, Antonella Tosti, Dermatologic Reactions to Cancer Therapies, 2019
Emmanuelle Vigarios, Vincent Sibaud
The angiogenesis inhibitor class of targeted therapies includes monoclonal antibodies (bevacizumab, ramucirumab) that directly inhibit the vascular endothelial growth factor and multikinase inhibitors (sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, axitinib, cabozantinib) targeting the angiogenic receptors (VEGF receptor [VEGFR], platelet-derived growth factor receptor [PDGFR]) and other distinct signaling pathways (Table 8.1) (4,35,37,38,53,59–65).
SBA Answers and Explanations
Published in Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury, SBAs for the MRCS Part A, 2018
Vivian A. Elwell, Jonathan M. Fishman, Rajat Chowdhury
Tumour cells elaborate angiogenic factors that induce new blood vessel formation. Of the dozen or so tumour-associated angiogenic factors that have been discovered, the two most important are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Much attention has focused on the use of angiogenesis inhibitors to cure cancer since angiogenesis is critical for the growth and metastasis of tumours. Whether this theoretical benefit translates into clinical practice is another matter and clinical trials are currently in progress.
Is serum vitamin D associated with diabetic retinopathy and its severity or with diabetes itself ?
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2023
Sevim Ayça Seyyar, Nesime Setge Tıskaoğlu, Ecem Onder Tokuc, Murat Mercanlı, Levent Doğan
Epidemiological studies show that most cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus can be attributed to modifiable habits and lifestyle factors.21 For this reason, the identification of easily modifiable risk factors is important to prevent the development, not only of diabetes but also its complications. In recent years, the idea of following-up diabetic retinopathy risk with easily accessible laboratory data, such as serum VitD level has been investigated in different studies.22–25 VitD plays a role in angiogenesis, inflammation and insulin secretion. Angiogenesis is controlled by maintaining a balance between angiogenesis stimulating growth factors and angiogenesis inhibitors. Angiogenesis is linked with diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.26 It has been shown that calcitriol, the active metabolite of VitD, is a potent inhibitor of retinal neovascularization in a model of oxygen-dependent ischaemic retinopathy in mice.13 VitD also reduces the release of vascular endothelial growth factor.27
Targeting endothelial cell metabolism in cancerous microenvironment: a new approach for anti-angiogenic therapy
Published in Drug Metabolism Reviews, 2022
Parisa Mohammadi, Reza Yarani, Azam Rahimpour, Fatemeh Ranjbarnejad, Joana Mendes Lopes de Melo, Kamran Mansouri
Since the metabolic pathways are interdependent and the inhibition of one pathway is compensated by the upregulation of the other pathways, targeting several key pathways should always be considered (Udupa et al. 2019). The above examples are key enzyme inhibitors of endothelial cell metabolic pathways that can be used in combination with other angiogenesis inhibitors. In a recent study, glycolysis and glutaminolysis were inhibited in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) with dichloroacetate (DCA) and BPTES. DCA is a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor and a potential metabolic drug under investigation in cancer therapy. They demonstrated that DCA and BPTES combination therapy normalizes HUVECs metabolism by decreasing glycolysis (PDK inhibition) and reducing glutamate production (GLS1 inhibition). Therefore, combining these two drugs can reduce the adverse effects of each drug alone and help normalize tumor angiogenesis (Schoonjans et al. 2020).
Kochia scoparia seed extract suppresses VEGF-induced angiogenesis via modulating VEGF receptor 2 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2019
Hyun-Dong Cho, Jeong-Ho Kim, Jun-Kyu Park, Seong-Min Hong, Du-Hyun Kim, Kwon-Il Seo
Since adequate development of new blood vessels is essential for the proliferation and metastasis of solid tumours, VEGF plays a critical and specific role as an angiogenesis factor (Otrock et al. 2007). Although effective antiangiogenic agents are currently used for treating tumours, it is difficult to achieve complete tumour suppression via an individual modality. In addition, due to intrinsic cytotoxicity against non-tumour-associated endothelial cells, long-term use of angiogenesis inhibitors usually causes various side effects such as hypertension, thrombosis, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, cardiac toxicity and endocrine dysfunction (Chen and Cleck 2009; Österlund et al. 2011). Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved a variety of antiangiogenic drugs targeting VEGF or VEGFRs, such as bevacizumab (Avastin®), sunitinib malate (Sutent®) and sorafenib (Nexavar®), for the treatment of specific types of cancer (Kamba and McDonald 2007). However, these antiangiogenic agents induce serious side effects such as hypertension, proteinuria, impaired wound healing, gastrointestinal perforation, haemorrhaging, thrombosis, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy, cardiac toxicity and endocrine dysfunction (Chen and Cleck 2009; Österlund et al. 2011). Therefore, the identification of natural antiangiogenic agents that are safer and more efficient has attracted significant interest for cancer therapy (Ferrara and Kerbel 2005; Varinska et al. 2017).