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Macular Degeneration/ Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Macular degeneration is an eye condition which may result in blurred or dark areas, or loss of vision in the center of the visual field. There are two types of AMD. In the more aggressive wet type (15% of cases), pathologic angiogenesis occurs which is the formation of fragile new blood vessels where they do not belong, under the macula, a small spot in the center of the retina at the back of the eye. These blood vessels break and bleed easily. The ensuing macular damage leads to the loss of central vision.1 In the dry type of AMD (85% of cases), small yellow deposits (drusen) slowly accumulate under the macula, also causing loss of central vision. As a result, driving and recognizing faces and colors as well as doing close-up work (e.g., reading, writing, cooking, or fixing things) are seriously compromised.
Topical Products Applied to the Nail
Published in Heather A.E. Benson, Michael S. Roberts, Vânia Rodrigues Leite-Silva, Kenneth A. Walters, Cosmetic Formulation, 2019
Apoorva Panda, Avadhesh Kushwaha, H.N. Shivakumar, S. Narasimha Murthy
Nail gels for nail enhancement are applied to natural nails or tip overlays or for short extensions. These gels can be rapidly cured, and are durable and chip resistant. UV-cured nail gels photocure within 1–3 minutes upon low intensity light exposure. Nail gels are made of urethane acrylate oligomers and crosslinking monomers (75–95%), and photo initiators (1–4%) with dimethyl tolylamine (0.75–1.25%). Prior to application of the nail gels, a dehydrator is applied to the nail surface followed by a primer gel that is cured under UV light. Following the primer, three coats of gel are applied onto the nail surface with intermittent curing after each application. However, exposure to UV lamp has the potential to cause some serious side effects including skin cancer. In order to avoid the associated risks, dermatologists recommend the use of sunscreen and covering the hands with white cloth while exposed to a UV lamp (Lawry and Rich, 1999) . Moreover, the eyes need to be shielded from UV light as the exposure is likely to damage lutein pigment at the back of the eye resulting in macular degeneration.
Chronic Hyperglycemia Impairs Vision, Hearing, and Sensory Function
Published in Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton, Type 2 Diabetes, 2018
Robert Fried, Richard M. Carlton
Macular degeneration causes loss in the center of the field of vision. In dry macular degeneration, the center of the macula deteriorates. With wet macular degeneration, leaky blood vessels grow under the retina. The National Eye Institute of the National Institutes of Health has a website titled “What you should know about age-related macular degeneration.” It features “What is AMD?” AMD is a common eye condition and a leading cause of vision loss among people age 50 and older. It causes damage to the macula, a small spot near the center of the retina and the part of the eye needed for sharp, central vision, which lets us see objects that are straight ahead.In some people, AMD advances so slowly that vision loss does not occur for a long time. In others, the disease progresses faster and may lead to a loss of vision in one or both eyes. As AMD progresses, a blurred area near the center of vision is a common symptom. Over time, the blurred area may grow larger or you may develop blank spots in your central vision. Objects also may not appear to be as bright as they used to be. AMD by itself does not lead to complete blindness, with no ability to see. However, the loss of central vision in AMD can interfere with simple everyday activities, such as the ability to see faces, drive, read, write, or do close work, such as cooking or fixing things around the house.
Ocular abnormalities among patients with Down syndrome
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2022
Additionally, low vision among DSC may occur due to injuries affecting the eye and/or disorder such as diabetes and glaucoma that affects the entire body. Furthermore, DSC may have a low physical activity due to their health status and/or social parameters. This low activity may have a negative impact on their visual acuity and the general health status of the eye. This explanation is in accordance with Ong [23], who revealed that several eye conditions, including visual acuity, low vision, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, are associated with low activity levels. Noteworthy, Agrawal [24] revealed that glaucoma is projected to affect the visual acuity of more than 11 million individuals worldwide by the year 2020. Moreover, low vision may occur due to macular degeneration. Our explanation is in accordance with a previous report [25] that revealed the occurrence of low vision among populations of different age groups. Low vision is not an age-related disorder, it can affect any one due to a variety of conditions and injuries. This is in accordance with a previous report [26] that revealed low vision in different age groups.
A peek at the window from the eye into the brain: potential use of OCT angiography in dementia
Published in Expert Review of Ophthalmology, 2022
Semih Ceylan, Onur Özalp, Eray Atalay
Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a noninvasive and facile method for visualizing retinal and choroidal microcirculation obviating the need for administering a systemic contrast agent. Compared to other brain imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography imaging, it is more cost-effective and rapidly allows layer-by-layer assessment of retinochoroidal microcirculation. In a routine retina clinic, OCT-A is mainly employed for the diagnosis and monitoring of age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. It has also become a popular research tool for assessing peripapillary and macular microcirculation in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies with the hope of finding various vascular cues that may enable earlier disease diagnosis and/or the detection of its progression [2]. In addition to its indispensable role in a busy ophthalmology clinic, studies have shown that OCT-A may potentially be a highly useful ancillary tool in various other non-ophthalmic diseases that directly or indirectly impact retinal and/or choriocapillaris microcirculation, such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s, and Alzheimer’s diseases [3].
Orthoptic service survey in the UK and Ireland during the interim recovery period (summer 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Strabismus, 2021
Fiona J. Rowe, Lauren R. Hepworth, Claire Howard
Thirty departments reported redeployment roles for orthoptists, 84 reported no redeployment but options for this had been discussed, and 13 reported no redeployment and no discussion of this with staff. The roles reported to be covered by orthoptic redeployment included: Assistant roles – radiology assistant, Occupational Therapy assistant, 2nd assistant in intravitreal therapy (IVT) clinics, backfill of nursing health care assistant (HCA) roles, chaperones, buddy system on late shifts for community nursing, and ward runner.Administrative roles – canceling and rebooking appointments, triaging, filing letters, receptionist, procurement, lost to follow-up spreadsheet management, staff sickness absence phone line, telephone reporting results to trust staff, and manning relative support line.Other hospital department roles – Human Resources, IT services, trade union support, and bereavement service.Other roles within Ophthalmology – Triage and assessment in urgent eye clinic and preassessment in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) clinic.COVID-related roles – Swabbing for COVID-19, PPE fit testing, donning and doffing, visor making, proning, and scrubs exchange.