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Common Vitreoretinal Procedures
Published in Pradeep Venkatesh, Handbook of Vitreoretinal Surgery, 2023
Based on the etiology, macular holes are broadly categorized as idiopathic or secondary. Idiopathic macular holes are seen in older adults, affect women more often than men, and could develop in the fellow eye in about 10% of patients. Some causes of secondary macular hole include ocular trauma, solar burn, laser induced, and as a sequela to other macular diseases like cystoid macular edema, macular schisis, and parafoveal telangiectasis. Macular hole could also be an adverse event following vitreous surgery for diabetic macular edema, epiretinal membrane, VMT, optic disc maculopathy, myopic foveoschisis, and submacular surgery.
Macular Degeneration/ Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Macular degeneration is an eye condition which may result in blurred or dark areas, or loss of vision in the center of the visual field. There are two types of AMD. In the more aggressive wet type (15% of cases), pathologic angiogenesis occurs which is the formation of fragile new blood vessels where they do not belong, under the macula, a small spot in the center of the retina at the back of the eye. These blood vessels break and bleed easily. The ensuing macular damage leads to the loss of central vision.1 In the dry type of AMD (85% of cases), small yellow deposits (drusen) slowly accumulate under the macula, also causing loss of central vision. As a result, driving and recognizing faces and colors as well as doing close-up work (e.g., reading, writing, cooking, or fixing things) are seriously compromised.
Crocus sativus and the Prized Commodity, Saffron
Published in Raymond Cooper, Jeffrey John Deakin, Natural Products of Silk Road Plants, 2020
Jeffrey John Deakin, Raymond Cooper
According to the American Optometric Association, studies show that lutein reduces the risk of chronic eye diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cataracts. AMD is a painless eye condition that generally leads to the gradual loss of central vision. The macula is the part of the retina at the back of the eye, which is responsible for central vision. In a random clinical trial, Broadhead et al. concluded that active ingredients in saffron when administered orally “modestly assist in preserving retinal function in elderly participants with AMD” (Broadhead et al., 2019).
Ocular abnormalities among patients with Down syndrome
Published in Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 2022
Additionally, low vision among DSC may occur due to injuries affecting the eye and/or disorder such as diabetes and glaucoma that affects the entire body. Furthermore, DSC may have a low physical activity due to their health status and/or social parameters. This low activity may have a negative impact on their visual acuity and the general health status of the eye. This explanation is in accordance with Ong [23], who revealed that several eye conditions, including visual acuity, low vision, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy, are associated with low activity levels. Noteworthy, Agrawal [24] revealed that glaucoma is projected to affect the visual acuity of more than 11 million individuals worldwide by the year 2020. Moreover, low vision may occur due to macular degeneration. Our explanation is in accordance with a previous report [25] that revealed the occurrence of low vision among populations of different age groups. Low vision is not an age-related disorder, it can affect any one due to a variety of conditions and injuries. This is in accordance with a previous report [26] that revealed low vision in different age groups.
The Vision Detroit Project: Visual Burden, Barriers, and Access to Eye Care in an Urban Setting
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Anju Goyal, Collin Richards, Vaama Patel, Sarah Syeda, John-Michael Guest, Ryan L. Freedman, Leo M. Hall, Chaesik Kim, Abdala Sirajeldin, Tannia Rodriguez, Samantha M. Arsenault, Joseph D. Boss, Bret Hughes, Mark S. Juzych
The most common eye disorders in the United States (U.S.) include cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and refractive error.1,2 Dependent on access, advances in eye care have made vision loss due to many eye disorders treatable and preventable.3,4 In the U.S., the number of adults over 40-years-old affected by visual impairment is expected to rise from 3.4 million in 2004 to 5.5 million by 2050, with a large portion of eye disease remaining undetected.5 The Healthy People 2020 vision objectives have set goals to reduce visual impairment in the U.S. by 10% for uncorrected refractive error, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, cataracts, and age-related macular degeneration.6–8 Estimates indicate half of the 61 million adults at risk of vision loss have visited an eye doctor in the past year.8–10 Patients in the U.S. Midwest attend eye examinations at lower rates than other areas.11 Additionally, poor eye-health literacy in the Detroit population is associated with worse disease on presentation, lower compliance, and greater disease progression.12 To improve eye care in underserved settings, there is a need to increase access to initial eye exams and subsequent follow-up appointments for continuity of care.
Orthoptic service survey in the UK and Ireland during the interim recovery period (summer 2020) of the COVID-19 pandemic
Published in Strabismus, 2021
Fiona J. Rowe, Lauren R. Hepworth, Claire Howard
Thirty departments reported redeployment roles for orthoptists, 84 reported no redeployment but options for this had been discussed, and 13 reported no redeployment and no discussion of this with staff. The roles reported to be covered by orthoptic redeployment included: Assistant roles – radiology assistant, Occupational Therapy assistant, 2nd assistant in intravitreal therapy (IVT) clinics, backfill of nursing health care assistant (HCA) roles, chaperones, buddy system on late shifts for community nursing, and ward runner.Administrative roles – canceling and rebooking appointments, triaging, filing letters, receptionist, procurement, lost to follow-up spreadsheet management, staff sickness absence phone line, telephone reporting results to trust staff, and manning relative support line.Other hospital department roles – Human Resources, IT services, trade union support, and bereavement service.Other roles within Ophthalmology – Triage and assessment in urgent eye clinic and preassessment in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) clinic.COVID-related roles – Swabbing for COVID-19, PPE fit testing, donning and doffing, visor making, proning, and scrubs exchange.