China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
The history of lymphatic mapping: a gynecologic perspective
Published in Charles F. Levenback, Ate G.J. van der Zee, Robert L. Coleman, Clinical Lymphatic Mapping in Gynecologic Cancers, 2022
Organizations are also looking more carefully at how surgical innovations are introduced to the operating room. Marcus et al.39 noted that new devices and procedures are usually associated with a spike in complications that are hidden from patients and the public. The introduction of sentinel node biopsy in vulvar cancer is notable because most patients with a negative sentinel node do not get adjuvant therapy, and groin relapses have a very high mortality rate. This differed from breast cancer, where many node-negative patients still received some type of adjuvant therapy. For example, in GOG 173 there were 13 false-negative cases. These occurred in ten member institutions, and seven of the cases were accession cases 1, 2, or 3. Fortunately these patients also had an inguinal femoral lymphadenectomy. However, in situations where there is a false-negative sentinel node and no regional lymph-adenectomy or adjuvant therapy, morbidity and mortality go up sharply.
Endocrine Therapies
Published in David E. Thurston, Ilona Pysz, Chemistry and Pharmacology of Anticancer Drugs, 2021
All women with early breast cancer are normally considered for adjuvant therapy (i.e., cytotoxic chemotherapy and hormone-antagonist therapy) following surgical removal of the tumor because adjuvant therapy can help eradicate the micrometastases that cause relapse. The choice of adjuvant treatment is determined by the estrogen receptor status of the primary tumor, the risk of recurrence, and the menopausal status of the patient. For example, women with HR+ve breast cancer are considered for hormone-antagonist therapy preceded by cytotoxic chemotherapy if necessary, while women with HR-ve breast cancer are generally considered for cytotoxic chemotherapy.
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer
Published in Dongyou Liu, Handbook of Tumor Syndromes, 2020
Chemotherapy consists of (i) preoperative therapy (or neoadjuvant therapy), given before surgery to shrink the tumor and reduce the amount of tissue that needs to be removed during surgery; (ii) postoperative therapy (or adjuvant therapy), given after surgery to kill any cancer cells that are left and to lower the risk that the cancer will come back.
The safety of major gynaecologic cancer surgery without routine preoperative COVID-19 testing in the COVID-19 era: a multicentre, retrospective, case-control study
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Murat Oz, Mehmet Mutlu Meydanli, Mufide Iclal Altintas, Huseyin Akilli, Murat Gultekin, Nejat Ozgul, Mehmet Coskun Salman, Salih Taskin, Esra Yaprak, Cagatay Taskiran, Dogan Vatansever, Burak Giray, Selcuk Yetkinel, Husnu Celik, Mehmet Anil Onan, Ali Ayhan
The distribution of disease stage was the same between the case and the control groups, as it was one of the criteria to be matched. The distribution of stage I, II, III and IV disease were 90/154 and 180/308 (58.4%), 11/154 and 22/308 (7.1%), 46/154 and 92/308 (29.9%), 7/154 and 14/308 (4.5%) for the case and the control groups, respectively. The rate of adjuvant therapy and types of adjuvant therapy were comparable between the two groups. However, the patients in the control group received combination RT [vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) plus external beam radiotherapy (EBRT)] more often compared to the patients in the case group [12/308 (21.8%) vs. 2/154 (1.3%), respectively], yet the difference was not statistically significant (p = .06). Other measures such as lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), the FIGO grade of the tumour and the median number of dissected LNs were similar between the two groups (Table 2).
Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy of Dendritic Cell –cytokine Induced Killer Cell-based Adoptive Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2021
Huiru Xu, Weishan Qin, Huijing Feng, Dong Song, Xiaoling Yang, Junping Zhang
The postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy group received fluorouracil as monotherapy or a combination regimen)for at least 2 cycles according to the NCCN Guidelines and CSCO Guidelines in combination with the postoperative pathological stage and patient’s physical constitution. The postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy + DC-CIK immunotherapy group received DC-CIK cell-based adoptive immunotherapy for at least two cycles. PBMCs were collected for culture of DCs and CIK cells one day before chemotherapy, and DC-CIK immunotherapy was performed at least two days after chemotherapy, including two infusions of over 5 × 109 cells for each. Stage II (T3N0M0 MSS/pMMR and no high-risk features): capecitabine or 5-FU/leucovorin for 6 months; Stage II (T3N0M0 at high risk or T4N0M0 MSS/pMMR) and stage III (TanyNxM0): CAPEOX or FOLFOX for 6 months. The duration of adjuvant therapy should not exceed 6 months after surgery.
Predictors of early progression after curative resection followed by platinum-based adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Hsueh-Ju Lu, Szu-Wen Tseng, Chih-Yu Peng, Hsien-Chun Tseng, Chung-Han Hsin, Hsin-Lin Chen, Wei-Shiou Huang, Ming-Fang Wu, Muh-Hwa Yang, Peter Mu-Hsin Chang
This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study. Patients with newly diagnosed high-risk OCSCC at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital (between January 2013 and December 2016, training cohort) and Chung Shan Medical University Hospital (between January 2010 and December 2016, validation cohort) were enrolled. The EORTC 22031 and RTOG 9501 trials had found extracapsular spread and positive margins to be the most important risk factors necessitating adjuvant CRT [3,4]. However, upstaging to stage pT4, close margins, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and depth of invasion were also identified as minor risk factors for OCSCC in previous studies. Chen et al. found that in order to improve clinical outcomes, adjuvant therapy was indicated for patients with at least two minor risk factors [5]. Therefore, in this study, patients with high-risk OCSCC were defined as those having at least one major or two minor risk factors. The major risk factors included extracapsular spread and positive resection margins. Upstaging to pT4 stage, close margins, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and depth of invasion were the minor risk factors [3,4]. All enrolled patients were treated with curative surgical resection followed by platinum-based adjuvant CRT. The following patients were excluded: those previously diagnosed with or treated for HNSCC, those who did not undergo curative surgery or receive platinum-based adjuvant CRT, and those with secondary malignancies.