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Gloves as Protection against Microbial Contamination
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Standard test methods ASTM F 739 and EN 374 were compared by assessing the permeation of 70% isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol) through seven brands of surgical gloves.36 The two standards differ in the flow rates of the collection medium and in the chemical permeation rate at which the breakthrough time (BT) is detected. No statistical difference could be observed between the BT values obtained with the two standard methods.11 When dental gloves made of NRL (powdered or unpowdered), PVC (powdered), nitrile, and synthetic elastomer were exposed to 5 mL of a hand disinfectant, it was found that after only 2 min the PVC and one nitrile glove were permeated by ethanol. After 10 min, all other gloves and types were permeated by ethanol. Powder seemed to not influence the permeation of ethanol. Some NRL gloves showed a low rate of permeation, while PVC and nitrile gloves had a much higher rate of permeation. The synthetic elastomer was the only glove with a significantly lower permeation even after 2–8 h.37
Peptide Separation by Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Published in Roger L. Lundblad, Chemical Reagents for Protein Modification, 2020
Either 1-propanol or 2-propanol is a stronger solvent for polypeptides than acetonitrile21,22 and may be required for elution of some samples not eluted by the latter. However, propanol systems have a higher viscosity than acetonitrile systems. This causes higher column backpressure and lower efficiency (broader peaks).16
Toxicology
Published in John M. Wayne, Cynthia A. Schandl, S. Erin Presnell, Forensic Pathology Review, 2017
John M. Wayne, Cynthia A. Schandl, S. Erin Presnell
Answer E is incorrect. 1-Propanol and 2-propanol (isopropanol) may be found in products containing solvents such as cleaning products and hand sanitizer. Ingestion of 1-propanol may lead to an ionic gap metabolic acidosis (metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to aldehyde and then propionic acid with eventual formation of lactic acid). 2-Propanol is rapidly metabolized to acetone and results in consequent ketosis without metabolic acidosis (also see Vujasinovic M et al. Poisoning with 1-propanol and 2-propanol. Hum Exp Toxicol 2007, 26[12]: 975–8, http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc102.htm accessed 7/14/16, http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/chemical/pim290.htm accessed 7/14/16). Lethal propanol toxicity is not common, and the primary acute effects are to the central nervous system and gastrointestinal system; acute kidney injury is also common, but deposition of crystals is not.
Targeting potential of alginate-glycyl-prednisolone conjugate nanogel to inflamed joints in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis
Published in Journal of Drug Targeting, 2021
Hiraku Onishi, Kohei Mizuno, Yuri Ikeuchi-Takahashi, Yoshiyuki Hattori
An HPLC assay was performed in a similar manner to described previously [34]. The HPLC analytical system obtained from Shimadzu Corp. (Kyoto, Japan) was used to measure PD concentrations. The LC-20AD pump, SPD-20A UV/VIS detector, SIL-20AC autosampler, SLC-10A system controller, and LabSolutions system were used at room temperature. A YMC-Pack ODS-AM column (6 mm (inner diameter) × 150 mm (length)) was equipped as the analytical column. The absorbance detector was set at 246 nm. In in vitro experiments, a 30% (v/v) 2-propanol aqueous solution containing trifluoroacetic acid at 0.1% (w/v) was used as the mobile phase and was flowed at 1 ml/min. The sample (20 µl) was injected onto the column. In analyses of samples in in vivo experiments, a mixture of acetonitrile and 50 mM sodium citrate-phosphoric acid buffer, pH 4.1 (35:65, v/v) was used as the mobile phase and the flow rate was set to 1 ml/min. Each sample (20 µl) was injected onto the column.
In vitro and in silico assessment of the developability of a designed monoclonal antibody library
Published in mAbs, 2019
Adriana-Michelle Wolf Pérez, Pietro Sormanni, Jonathan Sonne Andersen, Laila Ismail Sakhnini, Ileana Rodriguez-Leon, Jais Rose Bjelke, Annette Juhl Gajhede, Leonardo De Maria, Daniel E. Otzen, Michele Vendruscolo, Nikolai Lorenzen
HIC-UPLC was performed using a HPLC/UPLC system (1100/1200/1290 model, Agilent Technologies) and a Protein-Pak Hi Res Hydrophobic Interaction Column (2.5 µm, 4.6 × 100 mm; Waters). Eluent A consisted of 2.5 M ammonium sulfate, 125 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.7 and eluent B of 125 mM sodium phosphate, pH 6.7. Furthermore, 5% 2-propanol was added to both eluents to prevent bacterial growth on the column. The gradient was chosen as follows: at time point 0 min, 50% B was present, after 12 mins, 85% B, after 15 mins, 80% B, after 16 and 22 mins, 50% B. The flow rate was set to 0.7 mL/min, column temperature to 30°C and detection occurred at 280 nm. 4 µg of protein was injected on the column. Data was analyzed in ChemStation (Agilent Technologies). The column temperature was set to 30°C.
Prolonged skin retention of clobetasol propionate by bio-based microemulsions: a potential tool for scalp psoriasis treatment
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2018
Rita Langasco, Sakine Tuncay Tanrıverdi, Özgen Özer, Marta Roldo, Massimo Cossu, Giovanna Rassu, Paolo Giunchedi, Elisabetta Gavini
Data from droplet size and PDI can be explained by surfactant levels that can lead to a decrease in surface tension, thus decreasing their sizes [48]. It has already been reported that the use of lecithin alone as main surfactant leads to reduced droplet size (<10 nm), as in this study [49]. In addition, MEs were found to have a high thermodynamic stability, as already reported [14,24]. Furthermore, the incorporation of CP did not significantly influence any parameter (p > .05), demonstrating a good ability of the formulations to act as vehicle for the steroid. Despite both formulations displaying a Newtonian behavior, ME2 showed lower values of shear stress and viscosity compared to ME1 (supplementary Figure S1a,b); this was probably related to the different viscosity of the oily phases used, as well as to the increase in water content in ME2 [29]. Moreover, the higher hydrophilicity of ethanol compared to 2-propanol, as well as the higher ethanol-lecithin ratio, can be a further explanation of this result.