China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Canine Audiology
Published in Stavros Hatzopoulos, Andrea Ciorba, Mark Krumm, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science, 2020
Kristine E. Sonstrom, Peter M. Scheifele
Common etiologies of deafness in dogs include: inherited congenital (hereditary) and acquired later-onset (chronic otitis externa/media, ototoxicity, presbycusis, noise-induced). Hearing loss in dogs can be classified as sensorineural, conductive, or mixed, depending on the etiology. A sensorineural hearing loss is the result of dysfunction of the inner ear and/or vestibulocochlear nerve. ABR testing has been used to identify sensory and neural deafness in dogs in several studies (Marshall, 1986; Knowles et al., 1988; Holliday et al., 1992). The Dalmatian is a breed inherently known for congenital hearing loss, with 20–30% born with unilateral or bilateral deafness. Holliday et al. (1992) found that among 900 Dalmatians tested, 648 had normal hearing, 189 had unilateral loss, and 7 had bilateral loss. Sensory or neural deafness can result in an abnormal ABR response. Abnormal ABRs were found to be consistent with lesions of the CNS (Steiss et al., 1994).
Common otology viva topics
Published in Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Advanced ENT Training, 2019
MEIs provide mechanical stimulation via a transducer to the ossicular chain or less commonly, directly to the inner ear fluid. These devices are suitable for patients with mild to severe sensorineural hearing loss as well as conductive hearing loss and mixed hearing loss. The purely unilateral stimulation of MEIs brings subsequent benefits of improved sound localisation and cortical stimulation in addition to improved speech perception in background noise.
Micronutrients in Prevention and Improvement of the Standard Therapy in Hearing Disorders
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Micronutrients in Health and Disease, 2019
Sensorineural hearing loss is due to insensitivity of the inner ear, the cochlea, or to impaired function of the auditory nervous system. This form of hearing loss could be moderate to severe and can lead to complete deafness. The sensorineural hearing loss is caused due to damage to hair cells of the cochlea. It also can be caused by the damage to the VIII cranial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve.
Leveraging real-world data to improve cochlear implant outcomes: Is the data available?
Published in Cochlear Implants International, 2023
Callum Findlay, Mathew Edwards, Kate Hough, Mary Grasmeder, Tracey A. Newman
Hearing loss is the fourth leading cause of disability globally (Vos et al., 2016) and occurs throughout the life-course with peak incidence in both early and older age (Russ et al., 2017). One in three adults will experience significant hearing loss with the majority of those affected developing sensorineural hearing loss due to age-related hearing loss (presbycusis). Sensorineural hearing loss describes increased hearing thresholds due to damage within the inner ear, cochlea, or vestibulocochlear nerve (Lee and Bance, 2019). The recommended therapy for bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss is cochlear implantation (NICE, 2009). Cochlear implants are a safe and effective surgically inserted prosthesis which give the majority of users functional hearing (Wilson B, 2008). Unfortunately, a minority of users have less favourable outcomes and the percentage of people affected by poor outcomes is persistent despite improvements in the field. The reasons for poor outcomes are not well understood and likely multi-factorial with implant performance, linguistic ability, and cognition contributing to CI user experience (Battmer et al., 2007; Moberly et al., 2016).
Listening effort in individuals with noise-induced hearing loss
Published in Hearing, Balance and Communication, 2022
Hemanth Narayan Shetty, Suma Raju, Yashwanth Kumar, Sanjana S. Singh
Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the second most common form of sensorineural hearing loss [1]. Out of all other causes of sensorineural hearing loss, approximately one-third of hearing loss can be attributed to noise exposure (The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Development Program: Noise and Hearing Loss) [2]. Schwetz et al.[3] reported that exposure to a noise level of 90 dB Leq for eight hours causes an acquired noise-induced hearing loss. NIHL is a sensorineural hearing deficit that begins at higher frequencies (3–6 kHz) and gradually spreads to other bands of frequencies due to chronic exposure to excessive sound levels [4–6]. Noise exposure causes oxidative stress and releases Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), which destroys the neurons of the auditory system [7]. The literature review has also revealed that noise exposure can lead to cochlear synaptopathy [8–10], wherein considerable damage to synapses surrounding the inner hair cells and type I afferent nerve fibres occurs. It further leads to the degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons, especially those with low spontaneous firing rates, which have a significant role during signal coding in a noisy background [8–10]. Parthasarathy and Kujawa [11] have reported that damage to the ribbon synapses leads to the degraded representation of speech in the auditory pathway, which may further lead to temporal processing deficits.
Emerging therapies for human hearing loss
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2022
Elise Ajay, Niliksha Gunewardene, Rachael Richardson
There are four forms of hearing loss (sensorineural, conductive, combined, and central), but the majority can be classified as sensorineural, with an underlying pathology of the hair cells and/or the spiral ganglion neurons. Sensorineural hearing loss is classified as mild, moderate, severe, profound, or total, and can be caused by any of several pathophysiological mechanisms. The most common cause of hearing loss in adults is age-related hearing loss [2], in which there is gradual degeneration of sensory cells or neural pathways over time. Other factors causing hearing loss include genetics, noise exposure, infection, adverse perinatal conditions (e.g. hypoxia, asphyxia and ischemia), trauma, medications and toxins, and dysfunction of spiral ganglion neurons [1]. Other forms of hearing loss are based on conductive dysfunction, central auditory processing disorders, or a combination of these [1].