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Rhinitis
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Vinay Mehta, Srinivasan Ramanuja, Pramod S Kelkar
Both allergic and nonallergic rhinitis can be associated with a number of other disorders, including conjunctivitis, asthma, nasal polyps, acute and chronic sinusitis, acute and chronic otitis media, atopic dermatitis and frequent upper respiratory tract infections. Additionally, individuals who are strongly sensitized to pollens may develop oral allergy syndrome. Nasal obstruction due to severe rhinitis can also result in sleep-disordered breathing and anosmia. In addition, there may be an increased prevalence of migraine headache in patients with allergic rhinitis (Ku et al. 2016).
Sensory Neuropeptides and Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness
Published in Sami I. Said, Proinflammatory and Antiinflammatory Peptides, 2020
D. Spina, C. P. Page, J. Morley
In animal experiments, depletion of sensory neuropeptides by pretreatment with capsaicin substantially reduces allergic and other forms of airway hyper-responsiveness. It is not known whether capsaicin influences established airway hyperreactivity in asthmatic subjects, nor is it known whether capsaicin can abrogate development of allergic or other forms of hyperreactivity in the manner demonstrated in laboratory mammals. This possibility is not excluded, and study of severe, chronic, nonallergic rhinitis (233) suggests that such an inhibition may be demonstrable if investigated.
Local mucosal allergic disease
Published in Richard F. Lockey, Dennis K. Ledford, Allergens and Allergen Immunotherapy, 2020
Ibon Eguiluz-Gracia, Paloma Campo, Carmen Rondón
Growing evidence over 15 years indicates that nasal reactivity to allergens can occur in the absence of systemic atopy. Even though a multicenter, cross-sectional study is lacking, published literature suggests that LAR might account for a significant proportion of individuals previously diagnosed as nonallergic rhinitis. Yet the immunopathology of LAR remains to be defined, evidence indicates an IgE-mediated mechanism; namely, some subjects have detectable sIgE in nasal secretions and positive BAT responses, and SCIT is effective in the majority of LAR individuals. It is also necessary to study the long-term effects of SCIT in LAR, especially the effect of SCIT on the development of conjunctivitis and asthma. The concept of local allergy has important implications for the clinical management of individuals with rhinitis, as negative SPTs and/or serum sIgE do not exclude per se nasal reactivity to environmental allergens. The identification of LAR requires the implementation of NAC in the diagnostic algorithms for rhinitis, at least until the in vitro tests become ready for clinical practice. Local allergic rhinitis seems to worsen after diagnosis and is associated with the development of asthma and conjunctivitis. These observations suggest that an early diagnosis and initiation of specific therapies are crucial for controlling the symptoms and potentially for preventing the comorbidities.
Allergen immunotherapy against house dust mites in patients with local allergic rhinitis and asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2022
Andrzej Bozek,, Beata Galuszka,, Radosław Gawlik,, Maciej Misiolek,, Wojciech Scierski,, Alicja Grzanka,, Giorgio Walter Canonica,
The exclusion criteria were as follows: clinical exacerbation of asthma, uncontrolled asthma, or respiratory infections within 4 weeks prior to the study initiation; nasal polyposis (which is contraindicated for nasal provocation) or other serious diseases or chronic unstable disease; and nose deformity, allergy to other inhalant allergens, or AR. All patients with any of the following characteristics were also excluded: nonallergic rhinitis (especially senile or vasomotor rhinitis, which were excluded after 6 months of clinical observation and result of NPT) and severe nonstable diseases. All subjects were required to abstain from anti-allergy drugs and glucocorticoid nasal drops for at least 6 weeks prior to the start of the study. Inhaled corticosteroids were permitted. The sample size was calculated using Statistica 12 software (Statpol, Poland). A sufficient number of observation units for an error level α = 0.05 and study power of 1 − β = 0.8 was 0.72. As such, 1346 subjects were screened (Figure 1).
Recent advances in the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis
Published in Expert Review of Clinical Immunology, 2018
Xiangdong Wang, Kun Du, Wenyu She, Yuhui Ouyang, Yutong Sima, Chengyao Liu, Luo Zhang
The nasal cytological test was introduced as a diagnostic tool to differentiate AR and various subtypes of nonallergic rhinitis (NAR); including NAR with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES), NAR with mast cells (NARMA), NAR with neutrophils (NARNE), and NAR with eosinophils and mast cells (NARESMA); by recognizing and counting cell types and their morphology. Nasal cytological test and NPT can be also used to diagnose nonallergic rhinopathy (also termed vasomotor rhinitis, VMR) by exclusion of the other NAR subtypes mentioned above. The most distinct hallmark of AR is eosinophilia in nasal secretions [26].
Relationship between upper airway diseases, exhaled nitric oxide, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2019
Marina Lluncor, Pilar Barranco, Emerson-Daniel Amaya, Javier Domínguez-Ortega, Valentín López-Carrasco, Isabel Coman, Santiago Quirce
The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between upper respiratory diseases, like allergic rhinitis (AR), nonallergic rhinitis (NAR), chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), AERD, and BHR, as well as their association with FeNO and atopy, in patients with persistent symptoms suggestive of asthma and a negative bronchodilator test that requires confirmation of asthma diagnosis by MCT.