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Oral Nutritional Supplements and Appetite Stimulation Therapy
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
Although the literature is lacking on its use in adult patients, antihistamines should be mentioned because they may work in a particular individual. The dose of cyproheptadine starts at 2 mg QID and is increased to 8 QID as tolerated. The side effects are mostly related to the antihistamine and anticholinergic effects with sedation and dry mouth being prominent. But serious side effects such as agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia have been reported (Al-Ezzy, Hassan, and Al-Jumaili 2016).
Antihistamines, Decongestants, and Expectorants during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
A number of antihistamines and antihistamine preparations are available by prescription and over the counter. Most antihistamines are used in combination with a sympathomimetic amine (e.g., pseudoephedrine) for decongestant activity. Pregnant women take these agents for symptomatic relief. Dose level and possible untoward systemic effects are important concerns. Intranasal route administration is equally, if not more, effective compared to oral administration. Importantly, the nasal route reduces maternal systemic drug exposure, and lowers the dose potentially delivered to the fetus while adequately treating the patient’s symptoms (Hornby and Abrahams, 1996; Haas et al., 2018).
Introduction to dermatological treatment
Published in Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard, Differential Diagnosis in Dermatology, 2021
Richard Ashton, Barbara Leppard
Antihistamines act as competitive blockers of histamine receptors. They have a close structural resemblance to histamine. As there are two types of histamine receptor, H1 and H2, there are two types of anti-histamines. Cutaneous blood vessels have both H1 and H2 receptors, but for skin disease H1 antihistamines are the most effective.
A primer on sleeping, dreaming, and psychoactive agents
Published in Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 2023
Antihistamines, first used therapeutically in the 1940s, constitute a diverse group of drugs that can inhibit histaminic actions in the body. They are structurally similar to histamine, a chemical found throughout the human body, and act to prevent histamine-receptor interaction through competition with histamine for histamine receptors. The primary function of antihistamines is to aid with allergies, excessive stomach acid, and motion sickness. Antihistamines can be used as sleep-inducing agents as they can produce sedation; however, they do not produce high-quality sleep. This leads to more time spent in stages one and two sleep and less in stage three. Older generation antihistamines also reduce REM sleep, impair learning, and reduce work efficiency (Church et al., 2010; Raman-Wilms, 2014).
Oral medication prescribing by optometrists in New Zealand
Published in Clinical and Experimental Optometry, 2021
Philip RK Turnbull, Jennifer P Craig
The second most commonly prescribed class was antihistamines (n = 352), which made up 8.2 per cent of all the oral medications. This class consisted primarily of cetirizine (6.7 per cent), loratadine (0.7 per cent), and chlorpheniramine (0.8 per cent). Both cetirizine and loratadine, as second generation antihistamines relative to first generation chlorpheniramine, have a lower affinity for central nervous system H1 receptors, thereby reducing the risk of the common side‐effect of drowsiness.6 While these antihistamines are available for purchase over the counter, their cost is subsidised when obtained on prescription, often making this a more cost‐effective option, especially if prescribed alongside other medications, as a pharmacy dispensing charge is applied per prescription rather than per medication.
Efficiency and safety of desloratadine in combination with compound glycyrrhizin in the treatment of chronic urticaria: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomised controlled trials
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2021
Yulong Wen, Yidan Tang, Miaoyue Li, Yu Lai
According to most of the current hypotheses, CU is caused by the action of histamines and the H receptor involving the pathogenesis of autoimmunity (Su et al. 2020). Therefore, antihistamine drugs are widely applied in clinical treatment. Desloratadine, a second-generation H1 receptor antagonist, is highly selective for peripheral H1 receptors (Liang et al. 2014). In a related study, it was suggested that the efficacy and safety of desloratadine in the treatment of CU is obviously superior to that of other antihistamines, such as cetirizine, mizolastine, or loratadine. As a result, it is considered to have good efficacy and reliable safety in the treatment of urticaria (Lang et al. 2019). Nevertheless, the efficacy of desloratadine alone is limited, and the CU recurrence rate is relatively high (Maurer et al. 2013; Sui et al. 2018).