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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the mucosa of one or more of the paranasal sinuses. Acute sinusitis lasts up to four weeks and is almost always of viral or allergic origin; it may develop into chronic bacterial sinusitis, which typically lasts at least 12 consecutive weeks and may persist for years. The disease progresses in the following manner: The ostium of the sinus becomes obstructed from mucosal swelling due to a virus or allergy. The air within the sinus is then absorbed by the mucosal surface, creating a painful negative pressure in the sinus. If the ostium is not reopened, a transudate fluid begins to fill the cavity, providing a medium for bacterial growth. The bacteria attract an exudate of white blood cells and serum, which creates a painful (and dangerous) positive pressure within the sinus.72 Bacterial sinusitis is not a benign disease. Serious complications may arise such as periorbital infections, meningitis, and brain abscess.73
Sinusitis (Acute)
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Inflammation or infection of any of the sinuses surrounding the nose is sinusitis, or rhinosinusitis. Inflammation causes nasal passages to become swollen with nasal obstruction due to a mucus buildup. There are acute and chronic types of sinusitis. Most cases will resolve without treatment.1
Acute sinusitis and its complications
Published in S. Musheer Hussain, Paul White, Kim W Ah-See, Patrick Spielmann, Mary-Louise Montague, ENT Head & Neck Emergencies, 2018
Acute sinusitis generally follows a viral URTI or common cold. The diagnosis should be suspected when there is a worsening of symptoms after a period over which it would be expected that the symptoms of a cold would abate (approximately 5 days) or a persistence of symptoms over a period of 10 days. Typical symptoms of acute sinusitis in children are: nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, facial pressure/pain and cough.
Orbital schwannoma management: a case report, literature review, and potential paradigm shift
Published in Orbit, 2022
Jennifer Lopez, Eric B. Hamill, Michael Burnstine
When orbital schwannomas involve the orbital apex and cause compressive optic neuropathies, surgical decompression may be considered. Given many important structures encompass the orbital apex, traditional surgical approaches may risk injury to these structures in addition to risk of injury to the brain and cavernous sinus.36 Because of this, endoscopic or external decompression can be done in an attempt to avoid injuries during total resection that could affect one’s visual acuity or extraocular movements.37 While the literature is limited and there are no current guidelines for when orbital decompression should be pursued over total surgical resection, two groups have published studies showing surgical decompression is a viable option for these benign tumors.36,37 Almond et al found of the five patients who underwent endonasal endoscopic decompression, four had improvement or stabilization of their vision. One experienced worsening visual loss, though this was secondary to insufficient decompression and interval increase in the size of the tumor on imaging. Complications included diplopia and sinusitis.37 Kloek et al. found that all five patients who underwent transnasal endoscopic orbital decompression had improved visual acuity postoperatively. One subject required further orbital decompression due to compressive optic neuropathy 4 years after undergoing the first one.36 Complications of endoscopic orbital decompression include ptosis and diplopia.36
Impact of sinus surgery on type 2 airway and systemic inflammation in asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2021
Kazuki Hamada, Keiji Oishi, Ayumi Chikumoto, Keita Murakawa, Yuichi Ohteru, Kazuki Matsuda, Sho Uehara, Ryo Suetake, Shuichiro Ohata, Yoriyuki Murata, Yoshikazu Yamaji, Maki Asami-Noyama, Kosuke Ito, Nobutaka Edakuni, Tsunahiko Hirano, Kazuto Matsunaga
There are several limitations to our study. First, the sample size was small and further studies in larger samples might be required to strengthen our result. Second, many details of the underlying cytokine network in the upper and lower airway remain unknown, and we did not measure the serum and sputum concentrations of type 2 cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13. Third, we measured serum IgE only at baseline, and our study did not measure serum IgE in the same period of the year. Therefore, it cannot be denied that seasonal variation of serum IgE affected our results. Further immunological and pathological studies are needed to clarify the underlying pathophysiology of CRSwNP and asthma in detail. Forth, our study had no control groups of CRSwNP subjects without asthma, since asthma patients with CRSwNP were enrolled for treatment to improve nasal, and this was a purely observational study. However, it was difficult to compare CRSwNP patients with and without asthma, because CRSwNP is frequently associated with asthma. Finally, our study did not evaluate the number of asthma exacerbations and the CRS clinical parameters such as the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Lund-Mackay score and did not evaluate whether nasal polyps relapsed after ESS. Management of severe asthma with sinusitis is an unresolved issue and further studies are needed in this field.
Breakthrough pneumonia, meningitis and bloodstream infection due to Streptococcus pneumoniae during cefixime therapy
Published in Journal of Chemotherapy, 2019
Novella Carannante, Carlo Pallotto, Mariano Bernardo, Enza Mallardo, Giovanni Di Caprio, Giulia Palmiero, Vittorio Attanasio, Carlo Tascini
A 17 year-old male was admitted to our hospital for headache and fever, with the suspect of bacterial meningitis. The patient had symptoms compatible with sinusitis since 7 days before. He was treated at home with cefixime (400 mg per day) for 7 days without improvement of symptoms. The skull TC highlighted a picture of pansinusitis. The boy had a meningeal syndrome with fever and confusion. The lumbar puncture revealed a purulent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with 1081 cell, 62% polymorphonuclear cells, leukocytes 21670/mm3 with 91.8% of neutrophils, CSF glucose 1 mg/dl, blood glucose 123 mg/dl, PCR 16.8 mg/dl and PCT 0.73 ng/nL. The CSF culture was positive for S. pneumoniae with the following antibiogram: susceptibility to penicillin (MIC 0.047mg/L) and to ceftriaxone (MIC 0.047 mg/L); MIC for cefixime was 0.5 mg/L. The patient was treated successfully with ceftriaxone 2 every 12 hours and rifampin 600 mg/day for 15 days. S. pneumoniae was characterized as serotype 3.