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Breast Cancer
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
Amy Case, Gwenllian Edwards, Catherine Pembroke
Bone is the most common site of metastases, and approximately 70% of patients dying from metastatic breast cancer have evidence of bone metastases at post-mortem analysis.187 Skeletal complications from bony metastases also referred to as skeletal-related events (SREs) are responsible for major morbidity and include hypercalcemia, pathologic fracture, spinal cord compression (Figure 6.9), and the need for radiotherapy treatment or surgery to bone. Bone metastases are the common cause of cancer-related pain affecting the patient’s quality of life, but bone pain is not included in the definition of SREs and is instead measured as a separate outcome in clinical trials. Management options for bone metastases include systemic therapies (chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapies), local therapies (radiotherapy and surgery), and bone-targeting agents (osteoclast inhibition) that reduce SREs such as denosumab and bisphosphonates.
Bone metastases
Published in Anju Sahdev, Sarah J. Vinnicombe, Husband & Reznek's Imaging in Oncology, 2020
Rupert Berkeley, Muaaze Ahmad, Rikin Hargunani
Conventional radiography is usually the initial imaging modality in the setting of patients without a known malignancy presenting with pain possibly of bone origin. It is, however, too insensitive in detecting bone metastases to be routinely employed in screening for bone deposits in patients with confirmed or suspected cancer. A high percentage of the bone (between 50% and 70%) must be destroyed before lytic lesions are radiographically detectable (10). Furthermore, the majority of bone metastases seed to the medullary cavity, and there is inherently low contrast between the density of the trabecular bone and that of a lytic deposit. Bone metastases can, of course, be incidentally detected in patients who have radiographs taken for a wide variety of indications.
Applications of Radioisotopes in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Disorders
Published in Madan Laxman Kapre, Thyroid Surgery, 2020
Chandrasekhar Bal, Meghana Prabhu, Dhritiman Chakraborty, K. Sreenivasa Reddy, Saurabh Arora
RAI therapy of iodine-avid bone metastases has been associated with improved survival and should be employed, although RAI is rarely curative. The RAI activity administered can be given empirically (100–200 mCi) or determined by dosimetry. Patients undergoing RAI therapy for bone metastases should also be considered for directed therapy of bone metastases that are visible on anatomical imaging. Bone metastases may include surgery, external beam radiation therapy, and other local treatment modalities [11] (Figure 21.6).
The prognosis of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis could be potentially estimated based on blood routine test and biochemical examination at admission
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Bo Huang, Fang-Cai Wu, Wei-Dong Wang, Bu-Qing Shao, Xiao-Mei Wang, Ying-Miao Lin, Guo-Xing Zheng, Ming-Ming Dong, Can-Tong Liu, Yi-Wei Xu, Xin-Jia Wang
Currently, the prognostic predictors of bone metastasis include the features of original tumor, tumor markers, expression of selected genes, and related clinical manifestations [6–8]. Are there any more convenient examination indicators that can make clinicians to preliminarily judge the prognosis of BC bone metastasis for patients at the early stage of hospitalization? Nowadays, in order to predict the outcome and guide the clinical management, more and more researchers prefer to establish clinical prognosis models [9,10]. As a popular quantitative predictive tool, nomogram was usually used to predict the prognosis of cancer patients [7,11,12]. Recently, Mao et al. [13] have constructed a nomogram in combination with peripheral blood signatures and selected clinical characteristics, which predicted the prognosis of individual patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Therapeutic potential of RUNX1 and RUNX2 in bone metastasis of breast cancer
Published in Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 2023
Bone metastasis is the most common form of breast cancer metastasis and a major cause of patient mortality. Currently, bisphosphonates and RANK/RANKL inhibitors (denosumab) are the principal drugs used to treat bone metastases, but their effectiveness is limited. Emerging drugs include tissue proteinase K inhibitors, Src inhibitors, transforming growth factor beta blockers, C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) inhibitors, and αvβ3 integrin antagonists, in addition to cabozantinib [14–16]. Although there are several drugs available for treating bone metastases in breast cancer, their efficacy is limited, and there are still significant unmet needs. For example, the RANK/RANKL system sometimes has a negative impact on tumor progression and anti-tumor immunity [17,18]. Furthermore, these drugs primarily target bone metabolism and do not directly affect cancer cells. Thus, new drugs targeting specific molecules and pathways involved in bone metastasis and cancer progression are urgently needed to improve treatment outcomes.
A case of cranial bone metastasis after fertility-sparing approach in endometrial cancer
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Özer Birge, Mehmet Sait Bakır, Saliha Sağnıç, Can Dinc, Hasan Aykut Tuncer, Tayup Simsek
Under 60 years of age, bone metastasis was observed as 117 (0.4%) (Yang et al. 2019). In a literature review 3 cases with femoral metastasis and 2 cases with metastasis to the skull bones were reported (Makris et al. 2018). The ages of the patients with femoral metastasis were 59,48 and 58, and bone metastasis of two cases was detected at the time of endometrial cancer diagnosis. The ages of two cases with skull metastasis were 45 and 72, and the interval between first diagnosis and the skull bone metastasis were 36 and 24 months. Bone metastasis was detected 24 months after diagnosis in our patient. In the same review, Makris stated that there were only two patients with bone metastasis in their 30 s in the literature, one with pubic bone metastasis at the age of 32 and the other at the age of 39 with ischial bone metastasis. Most of the patients with bone metastasis presented with pain. Our patient also presented with hip pain and difficulty in walking.