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Leukoplakia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
Leukoplakia is a precancerous condition that causes thickened white or gray patches to develop on the gums, mucosa (inside of the cheek), or on the tongue. A biopsy is often obtained for diagnosis. The patch or patches are typically painless and form as a result of chronic irritation (e.g., from smoking, a rough tooth surface, or poorly fitting dentures).
Voice Disorders and Laryngitis
Published in R James A England, Eamon Shamil, Rajeev Mathew, Manohar Bance, Pavol Surda, Jemy Jose, Omar Hilmi, Adam J Donne, Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 2022
Surgical treatment should be considered if: Leukoplakia is present and a histological diagnosis is necessary.Gross oedema causes choking episodes or airway embarrassment.The inability to accomplish pitch elevation of the voice is problematic.
Oral Diseases
Published in Ayşe Serap Karadağ, Lawrence Charles Parish, Jordan V. Wang, Roxburgh's Common Skin Diseases, 2022
Marcia Ramos-e-Silva, José Wilson Accioly Filho, Sueli Carneiro, Nurimar Conceição Fernandes
Management: For leukoplakia, it is essential to remove the irritating factor, if any, such as restriction of smoking, alcohol, and other agents. Curettage and electrocoagulation, cryotherapy, or total surgical excision of the lesion can be performed.
Diagnostic and prognostic role of protein and ultrastructural alterations at cell–extracellular matrix junctions in neoplastic progression of human oral malignancy
Published in Ultrastructural Pathology, 2022
Harsh Nitin Dongre, Snehal Mahadik, Chetan Ahire, Pallavi Rane, Shilpi Sharma, Fatima Lukmani, Asawari Patil, Devendra Chaukar, Sudeep Gupta, Sharada Suhas Sawant
Early diagnosis of oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) as well as detection of invasive features in non-metastatic tumors is of paramount clinical importance, as mortality is often high in the late stages.1 Several attempts have been made to establish early diagnostic and prognostic markers for oral cancer, however, so far none has made any impact in routine clinics, mainly due to lack of clinical validation.2,3 Development of oral precancerous lesions/conditions is very common in southern Asia including the Indian subcontinent.4 In the Indian scenario, leukoplakia is the most common OPML contributing to the high incidence of oral cancer.5 As per the latest World Health Organization (WHO) grading system, leukoplakia is a clinical diagnosis for which the histopathological diagnosis may be hyperplasia, dysplasia (mild, moderate, severe), or carcinoma that is characterized by cellular atypia and loss of normal maturation and stratification.6 Although, all leukoplakia lesions do not transform into malignancy, follow-up studies indicate that 4–18% of cases of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) arise from preexisting lesions including leukoplakia and have the potential to progress into an invasive malignancy.7
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMD): What is the clinical utility of dysplasia grade?
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Kenneth P. H. Pritzker, Mark R. Darling, Jason T-K Hwang, David Mock
OSCC often, but not always, supervenes on a macroscopically visible, mucosal lesion of long duration. The lesions of concern can present as a white lesion, leukoplakia [18] or much less commonly, a red lesion, erythroplakia [19–21]. While some white mucosal lesions have a specificity sufficient to be excluded from leukoplakia, oral leukoplakia is quite common, with a global prevalence of 2–3% [22,23]. Leukoplakia continues to represent evolving definitions and diverse biology, making clinical management challenging [24]. OPMDs encompass a wide spectrum of lesions [25] which can be presented as white or red mucosal patches or a mixture [25–27]. Oral lesions classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as OMPDs include leukoplakia, erythroleukoplakia, erythroplakia, oral submucous fibrosis, dyskeratosis congenita, smokeless tobacco keratosis, palatal lesions associated with reverse smoking, chronic hyperplastic candidiasis, oral lichen planus (OLP), discoid lupus erythematosus, syphilitic glossitis, and actinic keratosis [23,28]. Others referenced elsewhere include oral lichenoid lesions (OLL) [16,29,30], exophytic verrucous hyperplasia, and proliferative verrucous leukoplakia [23,30], oral lesions of graft vs host disease [16,31], oral epidermolysis bullosa [16] and hyperkeratosis of unknown significance [16,25,26,32,33].
A new classification of vocal fold leukoplakia by morphological appearance guiding the treatment
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2018
Changjiang Li, Na Zhang, Shuyi Wang, Lei Cheng, Haitao Wu, Jian Chen, Min Chen, Fang Shi
The smooth flat leukoplakia lesions were advised to be treated with conservative methods, while the patients with rough lesions adopted the surgical measures. For the smooth hypertrophy lesions, the therapeutic methods were selected by themselves. Non-operational therapy was mainly aiming at cause of vocal cord leukoplasia. The patients were told that they needed rest of voice and cut out smoking and drinking. If the patients experienced acid regurgitation, they would be required to take omeprazole for 4–6 weeks. Besides, all of the patients were given Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granules which were preparations of pure Chinese traditional medicine prepared by our hospital for 4–6 weeks. They were composed of radix scrophulariae, radix sophorae tonkinensis, stir-frying radix asteris with honey, phellodendron amurense, the root of balloonflower, periostracum cicada and licorice. The patients were followed-up every four weeks. When lesions faded, the follow-up period was changed to every 3–6 months. The duration of follow-up was 12–43 months with the median of 27 months. The following evaluation criterion of therapeutic efficacy was applied. (1) Cure: vocal cord leukoplasia disappeared completely, (2) improvement: vocal cord leukoplasia disappeared 50% and over (3) invalidation: vocal cord leukoplasia disappeared no more than 25% (4) progression: the extent of lesions increased 25% or new lesions occurred, or the lesions turned to be rough from smooth even malignant transformation.