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Psycho-Immunomodulatory Benefits of Aromatherapy
Published in Mehwish Iqbal, Complementary and Alternative Medicinal Approaches for Enhancing Immunity, 2023
It has been observed that the essential oil of Allium sativum and a number of its organosulfur compounds enhanced efficient responses in segregated human neutrophils, resulting in enhanced production of ROS and calcium flux (Schepetkin et al., 2019). Essential oil of Boswellia carterii revealed a powerful immunomodulatory effect when established on lymphocyte multiplying assay. The peripheral venous lymphocytes were activated by the plant lectin (phytohaemagglutinin) in humans, and the mitogenic response brought about by the existence of frankincense essential oil was similar to that of recognised immunostimulants like levamisole and water-based extract of Echinacea purpurea (Mikhaeil et al., 2003). This activation was combined with the manifestation of genes entailed in the production of reactive oxygen species. Correspondingly, the management with essential oil suppressed the most important pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 and interleukin-1, putting forth an anti-inflammatory outcome. In one of the studies conducted by Giovannini, the essential oil of Lavandula escalated the innate response of the immune system by activating the process of phagocytosis (Giovannini et al., 2016); it also lessened a subsequent inflammatory reaction hence supporting and harmonising the general immune response. Achillea millefolium (yarrow) is a fragrant herb utilised in alternative medicine, and its indispensable oil is utilised in aromatherapy (Peterfalvi et al., 2019).
Mitochondria and Embryo Viability
Published in Carlos Simón, Carmen Rubio, Handbook of Genetic Diagnostic Technologies in Reproductive Medicine, 2022
Irene Corachan Garcia, Laura Iñiguez Quiles, Antonio Diez-Juan
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive molecules that include diverse chemical species such as the superoxide anion, the hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (15). About 1–2% of the molecular oxygen consumed during physiological respiration is converted into superoxide radicals (13). Mitochondrial ROS are generated in the ETC through one-electron carriers (15,16). Their direct interaction with mitochondrial proteins, lipids, and DNA results in lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations (13,16). Indeed, as the majority of ROS are products of mitochondrial respiration, mitochondria are the major targets for their damaging effects (13,15).
The science of ageing
Published in Michael Parker, Charlie James, Fundamentals for Cosmetic Practice, 2022
Skin health is improved by ensuring that your patients consume an adequate amount of antioxidants, such as vitamins A, C, and E, as well enjoying a healthy balanced diet. Antioxidants are important in mopping up reactive oxygen species, and a healthy diet will ensure the body has enough metabolic reserve to maintain normal cellular processes.
Purification and characterisation of glutathione reductase from scorpionfish (scorpaena porcus) and investigation of heavy metal ions inhibition
Published in Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2023
Scorpionfish (Scorpaena porcus), a member of the Scorpaenidae family, is most prevalent in Mediterranean and Black Sea regions, prefering shallow, algae-covered regions at depths of up to 1000 m.1 Pollution in the sea mainly accumulates in marine organisms and sediments. Therefore, it is transmitted to humans through the food chain2. In the aquatic ecology, fish have the greatest trophic level.3 Pollutants such as heavy metals, environmental and industrial wastes mix with the waters and may accumulate in fish. Heavy metals, which are one of the most significant polluting factors, have negative impacts on human health and may induce production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulting in oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species cause damage to cell components such as lipids, proteins, and DNA4. As a result, antioxidants are the most significant agents in removing oxidative damage generated by ROS in the live body5.
Green Fabrication of silver nanoparticles by leaf extract of Byttneria Herbacea Roxb and their promising therapeutic applications and its interesting insightful observations in oral cancer
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2023
Gunashekar Kalvakunta Subramanyam, Susmila Aparna Gaddam, Venkata Subbaiah Kotakadi, Hema Gunti, Sashikiran Palithya, Josthna Penchalaneni, Varadarajulu Naidu Challagundla
It is well known that certain types of unstable molecules consist oxygen, which readily reacts with other molecules in a cell, these unstable molecules are known as reactive oxygen species (ROS) which readily and easily reacts with DNA, RNA, proteins and lipids of the cell and cause cell death. These different reactive oxygen species cause oxidative stress in various human cells and cause disorders like inflammation, cancer and ageing and other neurodegenerative disorders. So it is very important and useful to find out suitable antioxidants which can reduce ROS. In the present study, in vitro antioxidant activity of the BH-AgNPs was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The results revealed that BH-AgNPs exhibited concentration-dependent scavenging activity against both DPPH [Table 2 & Figure 5c]. Byttneriea herbacea leaf extract (BH-LE) and BH-AgNPs showed the maximum inhibition of 54.12% and 74.78%, respectively against DPPH radicals at the highest concentration of 250 µg/mL used in this assay. The DPPH activity of BH-AgNPs is greater than the standard ascorbic acid 70.26% at the highest concentration. From this assay, it can be concluded that the BH-AgNPs have efficient scavenging activity. There are several other studies reported previously, where the silver nanoparticles exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. [9–10, 14–15,48, 51]. So, it reveals that the biosynthesized BH-AgNPs can be useful as future antioxidant agents.
The anti-cancer effect of resveratrol nano-encapsulated supplements against breast cancer via the regulation of oxidative stress
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2023
Soraya Sajadimajd, Faranak Aghaz, Mozafar Khazaei, Assad-Vaisi Raygani
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompassing H2O2, O2−, and OH− are a group of reactive molecules attacking biological macromolecules such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids leading to irreparable damage in cells (Annaji et al.2021). In this line, mechanisms underlying the aberrant growth of cells include cellular membrane lipid peroxidation, protein carbonylation (transporters and enzymes), DNA degradation, and dysregulation of gene expression templates including tumor suppressors and oncogenes. In this regard, antioxidants such as vitamins, minerals, and natural products seem to relieve ROS production and oxidative damage (Fuchs-Tarlovsky 2013, Yasueda et al.2016, Athreya and Xavier 2017). Resveratrol is a natural product, nonflavonoid polyphenol, frequently found in the skin and kernels of red grapes is an antioxidant supplement that can foil surplus ROS including hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals (Fukui et al.2010). The anti-cancer potential of resveratrol and its derivatives has been reported in numerous preclinical as well as clinical studies (Rauf et al.2018, Gianchecchi and Fierabracci 2020). Despite the causal role of antioxidants such as resveratrol in the reinforcement of the antioxidative capacity of tumor cells, low cellular penetrance, and solubility in aqueous solutions lead to blocking their cell influx and adequate activity in free radical elimination (Siddiqui et al.2015, Annaji et al.2021, Kim et al.2021, Pradhan et al.2021).