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Introduction to Cancer, Conventional Therapies, and Bionano-Based Advanced Anticancer Strategies
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Overproduced free radicals react with proteins and fatty acids of the cell membrane, impairing their function permanently. Furthermore, the abundance of free radicals can result in DNA damage and mutations that can predispose to cancer and old age-related disorders [60]. Tumor formation due to endogenous free radical reactions may be due to their initiation by ionizing radiation. Oxidative stress ensues following the body’s inability to regulate overwhelming free radicals. Therefore, free radicals can adversely modify proteins, lipids, and DNA, and lead to the formation of a number of diseases. Applying external sources of antioxidants can aid in coping with oxidative stress [61].
Marine Polysaccharides from Algae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Wen-Yu Lu, Hui-Jing Li, Yan-Chao Wu
Oxidative stress is caused by the generation of free radicals and the unfairness between neutralization, resulting in various diseases (Ul-Haq et al., 2019), such as diabetes, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammatory diseases, aging and immune system damage (Gandhi and Abramov, 2012; Pisoschi and Pop, 2015). Supplementing exogenous antioxidants is the most effective and widely used strategy to reduce oxidative stress (Poljsak et al., 2013). Natural products, such as carotenoids, which display strong antioxidant activity in scavenging free radicals and alleviating cell damage caused by oxidation, have been added to food additives, medicines and health care products (Massini et al., 2016; Nimse and Pal, 2015; Xu et al., 2017).
Fatigue
Published in Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau, Beyond Menopause, 2023
Carolyn Torkelson, Catherine Marienau
Oxidative stress is what happens when our cells are attacked by free radicals, which are unstable molecules that damage the body. During our lifetime, we are exposed to many external toxins (eg, smoking, alcohol, poor diet, chronic stress, pollution) that can damage our cells. Healthy cells can make enzymes to counteract oxidative damage, but unhealthy cells cannot. If oxidative stress is not managed, it can contribute to chronic inflammation and a state of fatigue. The use of antioxidants can neutralize free radicals before they cause too much damage. For example, consuming a good diet and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help lower oxidative burden and result in better health.
Association of Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc, and Copper Intakes with Diabetic Retinopathy in Diabetics: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2018
Published in Current Eye Research, 2023
Han Xu, Xinxin Dong, Jin Wang, Xiaowei Cheng, Shifang Qu, Tingting Jia, Jun Liu, Zhiyao Li, Yan Yao
It was shown that zinc supplementation is beneficial to diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.40,41 Zinc appears to activate key molecules that are involved in cell signaling, which maintain the homeostasis of glucose.42 The study showed that the glucose level would decrease by 0.0012 mmol/L when the daily total zinc intake increases by 1 mg.43 As we all know, eating foods rich in antioxidants can reduce the degree of oxidative stress in the body. Oxidative stress has been proven to be one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of DR.13 Zinc is an important antioxidant, the results from animal experiments clearly showed that zinc plays an important and beneficial role in controlling hyperglycemia and protecting the retina from the oxidative stress of diabetes.24 Moreover, clinical research evidence shows that zinc can prevent the formation of new blood vessels by inhibiting the expression of VEGF in DR, which is significant to hinder the development and progress of retinopathy.44,45 Therefore, we speculate that higher zinc intake may be beneficial to reduce the occurrence of diabetes retinopathy.
Extract of Pinus densiflora needles suppresses acute inflammation by regulating inflammatory mediators in RAW264.7 macrophages and mice
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Seul-Yong Jeong, Won Seok Choi, Oh Seong Kwon, Jong Seok Lee, Su Young Son, Choong Hwan Lee, Sarah Lee, Jin Yong Song, Yeon Jin Lee, Ji-Yun Lee
Oxidative stress is associated with ageing and several chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, neurodegenerative disease and cancer (Liguori et al. 2018). In this study, LPS-induced ROS production was significantly suppressed by PINE. SODs are ubiquitous in aerobic organisms that convert superoxide to H2O2 (Wang et al. 2018). PINE significantly reduced LPS-induced SOD levels, which elucidates the positive and negative effects of PINE and LPS, respectively, on ROS generation which subsequently influences SOD levels. MDA, as the final product of LPO, is a crucial marker of oxidative stress (Gou et al. 2015). In previous studies, it was investigated that taxifolin inhibit ROS production (Muramatsu et al. 2020) and quercetin glucoside has anti-oxidative effects, such as increasing SOD level and catalase activity whereas decreasing ROS and MDA levels (Dai et al. 2018). Therefore, we assumed that the active compounds in PINE, such as taxifolin or quercetin glucoside, can potentially alleviate LPS-induced oxidative stress in this study.
Dose-dependent subacute cardiovascular effects of modafinil in rats
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Dilan Canyurt, Lokman Hekim Tanriverdi, Onural Ozhan, Mehmet Cansel, Hakan Parlakpinar, Nigar Vardi, Yilmaz Cigremis, Azibe Yildiz, Yucel Karaca, Seyma Yasar, Ahmet Acet
Reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, which are formed by partial reduction of oxygen, cause toxic effects on several organs (Murphy 2009). Free radicals (i) can break down cell membrane proteins, killing cells; (ii) can destroy membrane lipids and proteins, hardening the cell membrane and inhibiting cell function; (iii) can create the nuclear membrane, affects the genetic material in the nucleus, making DNA susceptible to breakage and mutations; (iv) destroys the immune system (Phaniendra et al. 2015). After all, oxidative stress causes damage such as DNA mutations, cell deaths, and diseases. To minimize the oxidative damage at the molecular, cellular, and tissue level, a balance must be maintained between oxidants and antioxidant status (McCord 1993).