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Dysarthria
Published in Margaret Walshe, Nick Miller, Clinical Cases in Dysarthria, 2021
In stroke and head injury, spontaneous improvement may occur. Resection of neoplasms may win benefits. However, the situation can be highly variable as regards whether (spontaneous) improvement happens, how long it takes or continues and whether speech ever returns to previous levels.
Long-Term Follow-Up of over 1,000 Patients with Salivary Gland Tumours Treated in a Single Centre
Published in Niall MH McLeod, Peter A Brennan, 50 Landmark Papers every Oral & Maxillofacial Surgeon Should Know, 2020
Stergios Doumas, Michael WS Ho
Surgery was the primary treatment in most of the neoplasms studied. All benign tumours, apart from PSAs, were treated with surgery (single modality); however, more extended resection in the form of partial maxillectomy was selected in four cases with benign lesions of the minor salivary glands. Primary surgery was the treatment of choice alone or in combination with radium implants for PSAs before 1956. Whenever tumour spillage was noted intraoperatively or in cases that were referred due to residual or recurrent disease, adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) was utilised.
The Oncological Patient and Aesthetic Medicine: The Bonded Approach
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
Aesthetic doctors should play an important role in the prevention of new neoplasms by proposing hygiene-dietary recommendations such as those included in the European Code Against Cancer: do not smoke; avoid obesity; perform physical activity; increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables; limit the consumption of fats of animal origin; moderate alcohol consumption; use sunscreen; apply the rules of radiological protection; undergo tests for early detection of cancer of the uterus, breast, colon, and prostate from a certain age; and participate in vaccination programs against human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV).
A retrospective study of the epidemiology and histological subtypes of ovarian epithelial neoplasms at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital
Published in Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology, 2021
Due to their tumour heterogeneity, malignant neoplasms have been further classified into two broad groups.14 Type I tumours account for approximately 10% of ovarian cancer related deaths and comprise low-grade serous carcinoma (LGSC), clear cell carcinoma (CCC), endometrioid carcinoma (EC), Brenner tumour, seromucinous carcinoma and mucinous carcinoma (MC).14 With the exception of CCC, these tumours are considered morphologically and behaviourally low-grade.14 When disease is confined to the ovary, patient prognosis is favourable, but this worsens in advanced stages.14 Type I tumours are genetically more stable than type II tumours and have activating mutations of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit α (PIK3CA), catenin β1, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS)/B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF)/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), and inactivating mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), chromatin remodelling pathways and mismatch repair mechanisms.14,15 Tumours that have BRAF mutations, which are associated with cellular senescence, have a favourable prognosis when compared with tumours with KRAS mutations or KRAS/BRAF wild-type tumours.3,14,16
Anti-CD20 treatment for B-cell malignancies: current status and future directions
Published in Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, 2021
Christian Klein, Candice Jamois, Tina Nielsen
Safety data revealed no notable differences between treatment arms [114] (Table 2). Increased rates of neutropenia with obinutuzumab did not translate into higher infection rates. Grade 3/4 neutropenia was reported most commonly with obinutuzumab–chlorambucil (33%), and least frequently with chlorambucil alone (16%). Rates of grade 3–5 infection ranged from 11% to 14%, with no notable differences between treatment groups. Grade 3–4 infusion-related reactions (IRRs) were more frequent with obinutuzumab–chlorambucil than with rituximab–chlorambucil (20% vs. 4%). These severe reactions were seen during the first infusion of obinutuzumab only, and no deaths were associated with them. All-grade tumor lysis syndrome occurred in 14 patients treated with obinutuzumab–chlorambucil and no patients treated with rituximab–chlorambucil in CLL11; all cases resolved. Newly diagnosed neoplasms were reported in 4–7% of patients across treatment groups. Deaths due to adverse events (AEs) were less frequent in the obinutuzumab–chlorambucil group (4%) than with rituximab–chlorambucil (6%) or chlorambucil alone (9%) [114].
Primary spinal primitive neuroectodermal tumor: A single center series with literature review
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Jun Ma, Shunchang Ma, Jun Yang, Guijun Jia, Wang Jia
Neuro-radiology examinations always showed iso- to hypo-intense on T1-weighted image and iso- to hyper-intense on T2-weighted image, with enhancement. In those cases extending out through the interspinal foramen a typical dumbbell shape could be observed. Pre-operative diagnosis was not easy due to its rare incidence. None of our cases were suspected as PNET before surgery. The differentiated diagnosis included both malignancies and non-malignant neoplasms. When located intramedullary it might be considered as glioma, lymphoma, sarcoma, or ependymoma, etc. When located extramedullary with interspinal foramen invasion, most were suspected as Schwannoma or neurofibroma, much more commonly seen that had typical dumbbell shape. The whole CNS image examination involving the brain and whole spinal cord were performed for these eight patients, either before or after surgery, to exclude secondary spinal cord lesion.