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Thyroid
Published in Pat Price, Karol Sikora, Treatment of Cancer, 2020
The more indolent MALT lymphoma is treated with radiotherapy as a single-modality treatment with excellent outcomes. A complete response rate of almost 100%, a relapse rate of around 30%, a salvage rate of more than 50%, and an overall cause-specific survival of almost 90% at 5 and 10 years has been reported.146 Primary Hodgkin’s disease of the thyroid is very rare and treated in a similar fashion to extra-nodal Hodgkin’s at any other site.
The Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and Plasma Cell Dyscrasias
Published in Harold R. Schumacher, William A. Rock, Sanford A. Stass, Handbook of Hematologic Pathology, 2019
Lynne V. Abruzzo, L. Jeffrey Medeiros
Low-grade B-cell lymphomas of MALT were originally recognized by Isaacson and Wright as a subset of gastrointestinal lymphomas in European patients that resembled immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (also know as Mediterranean lymphoma). Isaacson and colleagues then identified similar neoplasms arising in the lung and salivary gland, and suggested that these neoplasms arose from lymphoid tissue associated with mucosal surfaces. However, MALT-lymphomas were identified subsequently in a variety of extranodal sites including the thyroid gland, thymus, breast, conjunctiva, gallbladder, cervix, larnyx, trachea, skin, and kidney, as well as other sites. Thus, the term MALT lymphoma is somewhat misleading, since not all MALT-lymphomas arise in mucosal surfaces. Two common findings in MALT-lymphomas are the presence of glandular epithelium and chronic inflammation, either preceding or accompanying the tumor. For example, Sjogren’s syndrome is common in patients with low-grade B-cell lymphoma of salivary gland MALT.
Salivary Glands
Published in Wojciech Gorczyca, Atlas of Differential Diagnosis in Neoplastic Hematopathology, 2014
MZL (MALT type) is an indolent neoplasm that often remains localized to the salivary gland without systemic dissemination [1–7]. Most patients with MALT lymphoma have a history of lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA) or Sjögren’s syndrome.
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in thymus: a SEER analysis
Published in Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy, 2022
Meng-Xin Zhou, Ye-Ye Chen, Lei Liu, Gui-Ge Wang, Jia-Qi Zhang, Ke Zhao, Shan-Qing Li
Between 1 January 2000, and 31 December 2018, the present study retrieved patients diagnosed with thymic MALT lymphoma with treatment information from the SEER-18 Dataset. Data extraction was performed using SEER*Stat (version 8.3.9.2). First, all patients with diseases that developed from the thymus were searched by defining the primary site as the C37.9-thymus. After that, all MALT lymphoma cases, described as one of the subtypes of marginal-zone lymphomas (MZLS) – extranodal MZL of MALT – according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification [9], were searched by the specific histology/behavior code of the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition (ICD-O-3), 9699/3: Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosal-assoc. lymphoid tissue-MALT lymphoma. For identifying the missing cases, the cases with thymic MALT lymphoma were scanned from both search results. We did not set any exclusion criteria owing to the rarity of the disease. In addition, data regarding the following variables were retrieved: age, sex, year of diagnosis, race/ethnicity, Ann Arbor stage, surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, survival months, and vital status. Finally, all extracted data were tabulated and presented in this study.
Histological transformation in malignant lymphoma: a possible role of PET/CT and circulating tumor DNA as noninvasive diagnostic tools
Published in Expert Review of Hematology, 2020
MZL is a rare subtype of indolent lymphoma, and is pathologically classified into splenic MZL, nodal MZL, or the more common extranodal MZL in the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) [47]. Clinical data in transformed MZL are listed in Table 2. According to an analysis of a 453-MZL series of patients, the 10-year HT rate was 8%, with splenic/nodal MZL harboring a higher HT risk than MALT (HR: 2.60, P = 0.023) [48]. In addition, the OS was significantly shorter in splenic/nodal MZL than in MALT (HR: 2.04, P = 0.007). Another study including 467 cases of MALT lymphoma showed outstanding outcomes (15-year HT rate of 5% and 5-year post-HT OS rate of 94%) [49]. MALT may possibly be distinguished from other subtypes in terms of favorable outcome, which may be explained partly by the higher proportion of localized diseases.
A Review of Primary Thyroid Lymphoma: Molecular Factors, Diagnosis and Management
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2019
Efstathios T. Pavlidis, Theodoros E. Pavlidis
The role of surgery for malignant thyroid tumors has been clarified further by the practice guidelines of the German Association of Endocrine Surgeons.7 Surgery provides an essential chance to perform open biopsies of the removed tissue specimen to confirm a doubtful result after FNA biopsy. In addition, immunohistological staining to determine the subtype of the PTL can further clarify the biopsy results, which is necessary for making the correct decision for optimal management. Surgical resection or radiation therapy as a single modality treatment has been recommended for the therapeutic management of stage IE MALT lymphoma limited within the thyroid. Otherwise, radiotherapy alone and thyroidectomy alone are widely believed to be an incomplete treatment for other stages (i.e., a higher staging than stage IE) of MALT lymphoma that extends beyond the borders of the thyroid gland. According to these guidelines, chemoradiation is recommended as an initial therapy for DLBCL or the mixed type. Furthermore, a multidisciplinary individualized approach can be substantial in advanced cases that involve invasion of the trachea. However, due to the proven great value of novel treatment by biological agents, mainly rituximab, chemoradiation therapy (R-CHOP) supported by internal tracheal stenting remains the method of choice for advanced cases.7