China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Marine Polysaccharides from Algae
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Wen-Yu Lu, Hui-Jing Li, Yan-Chao Wu
Cancer, also known as malignant tumor, is part of a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth. It is possible to kill normal cells and quickly spread to all parts of the body. Cancer can be classified according to cell types, such as cancer derived from epithelial cells (most common in the elderly population), sarcoma derived from connective tissues, cancer derived from hematopoietic cells (such as blood cancer), cancer derived from pluripotent cells (such as dysgerminoma and seminoma), and cancer derived from immature embryos (which is the most common type in children) (Weinberg, 2007). So far, about 100 known cancers have been found to affect humans. There are many causes of cancer: for example, obesity, tobacco, poor diet and excessive, drinking, genetic defects and following radiation (King and Robins, 2006). Cancer is a global medical problem. For a long time, clinical scientists have been looking for less toxic and more effective anti-cancer methods. Natural compounds derived from the ocean, with low cost and availability, have great potential in treating cancer. Seaweed consumption is associated with its health benefits. Seaweed is considered to be a potential source for the development of anticancer drugs, functional foods and pharmacological products (Cardozo et al., 2007; Chu, 2011; Lordan et al., 2011; Pangestuti and Kim, 2015; Smit, 2004; Thomas and Kim, 2011).
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Agostino Pierro, Miguel Guelfland, Annika Mutanen
The prognosis for patients with SCT is dependent on the following: Antenatal/obstetric factors: Hydrops or placentomegaly is associated with almost 100% mortality, while dystocia or tumor rupture during delivery may be associated with exsanguinating hemorrhage.Age at diagnosis: The risk of malignant transformation in a benign lesion increases with age.Tumor histology and stage: Up to 95% of benign tumors can be cured with excision surgery alone. Prognoses of malignant tumors are dependent on tumor type, stage, and location. Survival with malignant tumors can be achieved in up to 90% of cases using a combination of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, although the risk of late recurrences or second malignancies persists. Following surgical excision, mature teratomas are associated with an 11% risk of recurrence within 5 years.Surgical factors: Recurrence is more likely with incompletely excised lesions or in the absence of coccygectomy. Failure to remove the coccyx is associated with a 30% incidence of recurrence, with more than 50% of cases being malignant.
Pediatric Spinal Tumors
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Rajiv R. Iyer, Nir Shimony, Mohammad Hassan A. Noureldine, Eric Bouffet, George I. Jallo
In this case, the delay in obtaining an MRI and referral to a specialist are due to the slow progression of symptoms and benign nature of the tumor. Back pain is among the most common non-specific symptoms in these patients. On the other hand, a malignant tumor would have caused rapid progression of symptoms, leading to more rapid diagnosis.
Co-expression prognostic-related genes signature base on propofol and sevoflurane anesthesia predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in glioblastoma
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Zhiqi Hou, Dexing Luo, Huanhuan Luo, Qiang Hui, Yongqing Xu, Xiaofeng Lin, Zhibin Xu
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary craniocerebral malignant tumor arising from the canceration of glial cells in the brain and spinal cord, with a high degree of malignancy and a low 5-year survival rate. At present, there are many established factors affecting its progression, including patient age, tumor grade, gene mutation, extent of surgical resection, and radiotherapy and chemotherapy [1,2]. With the development of the disease, about 90% of malignant tumor patients eventually die of tumor recurrence and metastasis [3,4]. There are many key links in the occurrence and development of malignant tumors. For surgical patients, the body is in a state of stress during the perioperative period, and surgery will induce different degrees of systemic inflammatory responses. The operation and anesthesia process will affect the function of the body’s immune system. The choice of anesthesia methods and anesthesia drugs may also affect the prognosis of patients [5–7].
Albumin-Globulin Ratio Indicates the Survival Outcome of Pancreatic Cancer Cases Who Underwent Preoperative Treatment and Curative Surgical Resection
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2023
Masamichi Hayashi, Daigo Kobayashi, Hideki Takami, Yoshikuni Inokawa, Nobutake Tanaka, Keisuke Kurimoto, Koki Nakanishi, Shinichi Umeda, Dai Shimizu, Norifumi Hattori, Mitsuro Kanda, Chie Tanaka, Goro Nakayama, Yasuhiro Kodera
Like these host condition indexes, the albumin-globulin ratio (AGR) can also be calculated from blood examination data. AGR reflects the ratio of the circulating quantity of albumin and globulin. A healthy status usually maintains an albumin-rich condition and AGR scores over 1.0, while liver damage or chronic hepatitis results in an AGR score under 1.0 due to albumin reduction and globulin production. AGR has been frequently reported as an independent prognostic marker in gastric cancer (14), chronic kidney disease (15), and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (16). As for pancreatic cancer, Shinde et al. (17) reported that preoperative AGR was not associated with survival outcomes in patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. However, their cohort consisted of a mixture of pancreatic or periampullary adenocarcinoma cases without neoadjuvant treatment. Thus, oncological malignant tumor features may have influenced their prognosis. In the current study, we attempted to apply AGR to a consecutive pancreatic cancer-only cohort with all neoadjuvant treatment settings of our institution.
Molecularly engineering a dual-drug nanoassembly for self-sensitized photodynamic therapy via thioredoxin impairment and glutathione depletion
Published in Drug Delivery, 2022
Hongyuan Zhang, Zhiqiang Kong, Ziyue Wang, Yao Chen, Shenwu Zhang, Cong Luo
Malignant tumors continue to be a principal cause of death, disability, and socioeconomic disruption worldwide (Yu et al., 2020; Ding et al., 2022; Jana & Zhao, 2022; Jiang et al., 2022; Y. Liu, Zhang et al., 2022). Although chemotherapy is the mainstay of clinical cancer treatment, drug resistance and severe side effects often occur, resulting in unsatisfactory clinical treatment results (Weir et al., 2011; Zhang et al., 2021b). To deal with disordered and intractable tumors, novel treatment modalities such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been widely investigated (Jia et al., 2021; Zhang et al., 2021). Different from other treatments, PDT as a local treatment modality has attracted considerable attention due to its high selectivity and low toxicity (Dai et al., 2019). Thus, various photosensitizers (PSs) have been designed to perform effective antitumor activity by converting the near-infrared light into tumor-localized reactive oxygen species (ROS) (Xie et al., 2021; Liu et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2022). In other words, PDT has become an up-and-coming option for therapeutic regimens for cancer.