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Nonmelanocytic Lesions
Published in Ashfaq A Marghoob, Ralph Braun, Natalia Jaimes, Atlas of Dermoscopy, 2023
Nicole Nagrani, Natalie M. Williams, Natalia Jaimes
Hemangiomas are benign vascular proliferations characterized by hyperplasia of different types of blood vessels. Infantile hemangiomas and cherry angiomas are the most common vascular proliferations in children and adults, respectively.1
Congenital Laryngeal Disease
Published in Raymond W Clarke, Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat in Children, 2023
Even if the airway obstruction is incomplete, active treatment is needed as the lesion will grow rapidly before it involutes and may cause complete airway obstruction if untreated. Treatment in the past was surgical, often involving a tracheostomy or prolonged steroid therapy, but the method of choice now is the use of propranolol over a period of about 4–6 weeks under the supervision of a paediatrician or a cardiologist with expertise in this area. Surgery may be appropriate in some circumstances and, ideally, these children will be managed in a multidisciplinary team which includes an otolaryngologist. Most infantile hemangiomas disappear in childhood if left untreated.
Anorectal malformations: The newborn period
Published in Alejandra Vilanova-Sánchez, Marc A. Levitt, Pediatric Colorectal and Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery, 2020
Sabine Sarnacki, Sebastian King, Wilfried Krois
Pelvic hemangioma and ARM may be associated with LUMBAR syndrome: lower body hemangioma (LBH), urogenital anomalies, myelopathy, bony deformities, ARM, arterial anomalies, and renal anomalies [7]. The natural history of LBH is often associated with an initial phase characterized by unrecognized telangiectatic lesions and a second phase of rapid growth. Some hemangiomas extend deeply into the perineal region or may ulcerate and bleed. In the presence of an associated ARM, hemangiomas are typically located in the perineum.
The rare adult vocal cord hemangioma: A case report
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica Case Reports, 2023
Shih-Wei Wang, Chih-Hung Lin, Ning-Chia Chang
Hemangiomas can be classified into three types histopathologically according to the vessel size and wall thickness: capillary, cavernous, and mixed types. Cavernous hemangioma, the type presented in this case report, is the most common [3,10,13,19]. The treatment for adult-type laryngeal hemangioma has no clinical guideline, partly because of its rarity, size, and clinical symptoms differ in each case. For small and asymptomatic laryngeal hemangiomas, some literatures stated that close observation had been considered to be sufficient [1,2,6,9,17]. However, large hemangiomas with symptoms require interventions to prevent ulceration, infection of vital organs, and upper airway obstruction. We believe in cases with symptomatic laryngeal hemangiomas, even small in size should receive surgical intervention as early as possible because laryngeal hemangioma do not regress spontaneously as infantile-type do and some authors advocate early intervention when the lesions are still restrict to the most superficial submucosa [19].
KTP laser alone or combined with bleomycin for pharyngolaryngeal hemangioma: a lesion grade-based determination of prognosis
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2023
Min Shu, Peijie He, Chunsheng Wei
Hemangioma is a benign tumor caused by the abnormal proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and can occur anywhere in the body [1]. Approximately 60% of hemangiomas are in the head and neck area, but pharyngolaryngeal hemangiomas are relatively rare [2]. Pharyngolaryngeal hemangiomas are located deeply in the upper airway and the functions of pharyngolaryngeal tissues are very complex. Therefore, when the tumor enters the hyperplasia phase, it can cause local tissue destruction, major hemorrhage, aspiration, airway obstruction, and asphyxia. Pharyngolaryngeal hemangiomas in adults are characterized by rich blood supply, deep site, and wide base. In addition, pharyngolaryngeal hemangiomas are closely associated with various functions of the pharyngolarynx, such as dilatation, respiration, and phonation; therefore, radical surgical resection involves high difficulties [3–5]. The current treatments of pharyngolaryngeal hemangioma mainly include medical therapy (e.g. oral intake of propranolol), chemotherapy (e.g. bleomycin and pingyangmycin), radiotherapy, and laser therapy [3–5]. Treatment selection should be based on the patient condition, tumor site, and tumor size. As pharyngolaryngeal hemangiomas are very rare, evidence from randomized controlled trials on the efficacies of different treatments is unavailable.
Interdisciplinary management of peripheral arteriovenous malformations: review of the literature and current proceedings
Published in Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, 2022
Felix F. Strübing, Stefan Porubsky, Amir K. Bigdeli, Volker J. Schmidt, Lena Krebs, U. Kneser, Maliha Sadick
Histologically, AVMs represent abnormal direct connections between arteries and veins skipping the organ-specific capillary bed. These abnormal arterio-venous communications consist of arterioles, capillaries, and venules haphazardly aggregated into vascular clusters. Abrupt dilation and changes in the vessel wall thickness or structure are typical findings. The veins often show reactive intimal hyperplasia. The adventitia and the adjacent connective tissue are fibrosed (Figures 4(D–F) and 7(G)). Depending on the localization and patient history, the lesions may show hemorrhage, necrosis and ulceration of the skin or mucosa. The pathologist is commonly confronted with the differential diagnosis of hemangiomas. In contrast to AVMs, hemangiomas typically lack arterial and arteriolar structures and intralesional nerve fibers [19]. Clinically, hemangiomas would present as solid, bright red, hypervascularized tumors, densely packed with blood vessels. Histopathologically, they show positivity for GLUT-1 in their endothelium [20].